Juvenile Justice - 2455 Words

Juvenile Justice To many Americans today, the country is a hostage-but not from oversea terrorism as one might expect to think. No today, we live in fear from our own children; and these are the same young people who we are entrusting the future of this great country with. According to the Department of Justice report released in November, thirty-eight percent of those arrested for weapons offenses in 1995 were under the age of eighteen (Curriden 66). In the same report, the Bureau of Justice Statistics stated that in 1995 3 out of every 100 eighteen-year-olds was arrested for weapons offenses. A rate three times higher than for males twenty-five to twenty-nine and five times higher than for males thirty to thirty-four (66). Just†¦show more content†¦In short, they want it to work(49). The most basic justification for capitol punishment is what is known as the incapacitation argument: The only way to make sure that murderers dont murder again is to kill them. But with tougher sentencing laws, some death penalty opponents say, the incapacitation argument doesnt carry the weight it once did. Many states now impose life imprisonment with no possibility of parole on the violent offenders. Still, some argue that a life sentence isnt enough. David Pierce of the Washington Legal Foundation says, The death penalty incapacitates in a way no other form of imprisonment can; also, Inmates do commit crimes behind bars against guards and each other, and they do escape from time to time (Edmonds 11). As it stands now, almost all juvenile murderers are imprisoned rather than put to death. Even doubling or tripling the number of juvenile executions (the all-time U.S. high was 199 in 1935) would not change the fact that in America the death penalty is chiefly a symbolic threat that is carried out in only a very small percentage of cases (Hetter 44). (The 56 people executed in 1995 represented about 2 percent of the entire death row population.) Efforts to greatly increaseShow MoreRelatedJuveniles And The Juvenile Justice System1559 Words   |  7 PagesJuveniles committing crimes is not a new issued being introduced to society; actually, it has been an issue for centuries. However, the big question is, should juveniles be tried in adult courts? Before answering, take into consideration every possible scenario that could have led them to commit the crime. For instance, were they the leader in the act? Did they participate in the crime? Was the juvenile even aware of what was taking place? Were they peer pressured? Did they have any other choiceRead MoreJuvenile Justice And Juvenile Delinquency1675 Words   |  7 PagesJuvenile Justice has been a work in progress from the beginning of the program because of the evolving mentality of the generations. The purpose of Juvenile Justice was to correct the behavior of the juvenile de linquents and rehabilitation through a probationary period monitored by an individual who paid for bail and periodically reported behavior changes to courts. (Mulligan 2009) We do justice to the youth offenders by understanding the history of Juvenile Justice restorative programs, the alternativesRead MoreThe Juvenile Justice System For Juveniles1397 Words   |  6 Pageswere treated the same as adult criminals. If you are a young person under the age of 18 and you commit a crime, you will have your case heard in the juvenile justice system. The thing is that, it hasn’t always gone that way. The idea of a separate justice system for juveniles is just over one hundred years old (American Bar). Where did juvenile justice come from? The law was in the image of the common law of England. William Blackstone, Blackstone’s Commentaries on the Laws of England, first publishedRead MoreJuvenile Justice And The Juvenile System4789 Words   |  20 PagesJuvenile Justice Consult ant When thinking of reforming the juvenile justice system one has to think; what can we do to make this better for everyone involve? There are some programs that can be implemented when trying to make a change in the juvenile system. The main thing is getting parents or the guardian more involved in the child’s whereabouts. Secondly the community where the youth will have a place to go and have something more constructive to do to keep them out of trouble. Law enforcementRead MoreThe Juvenile Justice System1313 Words   |  6 Pages Today s concept of the juvenile justice system is relatively new due to significant modifications in policy overtime. The justice system has been trying to figure out effective ways to treat juvenile criminal offenders successfully for years. The justice system did not always have a special category for juveniles and their crime. Juveniles was once treated as adults when they committed crimes and were subjected to harsh punishments. The juvenile court was the culmination of efforts of the positivistRead MoreJuvenile Justice Systems833 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Juvenile crime is a term around the world that is difficult to pinpoint and although there are several definitions many fail to be concrete. There are many factors that play into sentencing juveniles or minors upon a crime committed. How old are they? Can they mentally form criminal intent? Are they old enough to no longer be treated as children? Some people would argue that a criminal is just that, regardless of age. Research on the other hand shows that juveniles have underdevelopedRead MoreThe Juvenile Justice System788 Words   |  3 Pages The juvenile justice system was founded with the goal to serve the best interests of the child, with an understanding that youth possessed different needs than adults. Over the course of our semester we have come across various research studies that proves that the adult system is not well equipped to house and rehabilitate the delinquents. These studies have shown that more juveniles that are transferred to the criminal justice system ends up back in the system, which means the recidivism rateRead MoreEssay on Juvenile Justice1506 Words   |  7 PagesPortfolio on Juvenile Status Offenders A juvenile status offender is a youth charged with an offense that is not consider a crime if committed by an adult; this would include but not limited to running away from home, curfew violations, underage drinking, skipping school, or beyond a parents control. Status offenders are usually not incarcerated on their first offense, but violating a court order can find them as delinquent who can result in being place in a correction or detention facility. Read MoreJuvenile Delinquency And The Juvenile Justice System1299 Words   |  6 Pagesdedicated his life to troubled juveniles once said, â€Å"I believe that the kids who are labeled â€Å"good† are children who know how to solve their problems and manage their behavior and social life, and the kids who are labeled â€Å"bad† are kids who don’t know how to solve those problems.† Every day, kids are committing illegal acts of varying severity. Some are involved in petty robberies, others involved in murde rs and rape. These juveniles become the responsibility of the juvenile justice system which is taskedRead MoreJuvenile Justice and Rehabilitation2500 Words   |  10 PagesJuvenile Justice and Rehabilitation When discussing rehabilitation or punishment for juvenile delinquents, I believe there should be rehabilitation over punishment. Granted there are numerous cases that completely warrant punishment, but punishment isn’t always the answer. Adults are usually given second, third and fourth chances to change their lives. And sometimes rehabilitation isn’t involved. I believe since adolescents still have plenty of time to get counseling or learn about themselves

Gender Roles During The Twentieth Century - 978 Words

Gender roles became so complex in the twentieth century due how society has changed what men and women should be like. Men take being strong and independent as a God given right to them, while females on the other hand have had to work their way up in order to be titled independently strong. From growing up to early adulthood I faced the conflict of constantly worrying about how society wants me shape myself as a dependent and self-confident which was the complete opposite of me. After, my parents separated my mother enforced to depend only on yourself and never a man. So I became a very dependent person, focusing on myself and my needs without the help of others, I believe the road of my childhood to independency of my young adult life favored me in many ways because I wouldn’t be where I am today. As in the article, The Myth Of The Slippery Bachelor, Fisher states, Women are much more interested in their independence than men are(Luscumbe). Which I agree with, men have been handed ,ost things there entire life while women work hard to achieve what they get handed to them. I myself have worked very hard to be titled an independent women hustling to the max of my ability to accomplish what needs to be done such as school work, athletics, and work all three task titled as difficult to handle but many like myself have to deal with on day to day basis. Many say you need a man to be happy, makes me laugh everytime I hear that ridiculous remark as if a wome n can t stand onShow MoreRelatedWomen s Gender And Gender Roles955 Words   |  4 PagesIn terms of the heterosexual majority, respectability applied deeply to women and their gender roles as wives, because it was the way to distinguish between good and oversexed women (Kushner 9/25/15). The characteristics of women consisted of being pious, pure and religious, as they were the moral superiors to men (Kushner, 9/25/15). This moral superiority linked to the idea that Cott presents of female passionlessness, which was the result of subsequent lack of sexual aggressiveness (Cott 1987:Read MoreMarriage Is An Institution That Is Important1455 Words   |  6 Pagessex and gender, for these concepts have been notoriously linked and effect one another’s evolution. The Eighteenth Century marked a period of changing attitudes of marriage and therefore sex and gender. For centuries before this period, the Catholic Church dominated the domain of marriage, controlling the sex lives and gender roles that existed within this institution. The accepted idea was that marriage was only intended for reproduction purposes and to insure the continuation of the gender rolesRead MoreThe Role Of Gender As A Symbol Of Femininity1240 Words   |  5 PagesThe role of gender was evidently defined before the twentieth century. However, the twentieth century brought a lot of changes to women and their condition, inside and outside the house. Women started getting appreciated in the previously male dominating society. However, this didn’t last for long and by the mid-century men continued their dominating role back in the society. Tennessee Williams wrote this play in the fifties when this change was happening in society. In this play, male dominanceRead Mor eWomens Rights1161 Words   |  5 PagesHuman Rights† by Charlotte Bunch discusses the many issues involved in women’s rights, specifically about how gender is a leading factor in the lack of rights women have. The second article, â€Å"From the Second Sex to the Joint Venture: An Overview of Womens Rights and Family Law in the United States During the Twentieth Century† written by Herma Hill Kay, talks about family chemistry, the role of women in the household and the progression of women’s reform movements. These articles show just a fewRead MoreKate Chopin s The Story Of An Hour927 Words   |  4 Pages Kate Chopin, born in 1850, was one of the prominent feminist writers of the twentieth century. Her works focus predominantly on life, love, marriage, social issues and women. Her husband’s unexpected death was a tragic event in her life. However it led her to a great realization. Based on her own experience, Kate Chopin wrote a short story à ¢â‚¬Å"The Story of an Hour† on April 19, 1894. Kate Chopin told the story of Mrs. Mallard reacting to the news of husband’s death. The story addressed women issuesRead MoreGender And Its Role Is Affected By Direct And Indirect External Factors1279 Words   |  6 Pagesconstructed idea of gender and its role is affected by direct and indirect external factors. Since the beginning of time in European Society, women have constantly been viewed and treated as inferiors to men. Specifically, women have wanted to stray away from the socially constructed idea of being perceived as domesticated beings. As the Victorian era came to the end, women yearned for that change. When the twentieth century approached, women actively desired to alter the gender role that had been setRead MoreHow Chinese Culture Has Changed Over The Years1509 Words   |  7 Pagescan be traced back many centuries. It is so diverse and unique, yet harmoniously blended, and presents itself a priceless bene fit to the world. One of the integral parts of Chinese culture that was not thoroughly discussed in class is the role Chinese women played in ancient traditional society and how it has transformed in the many historical changes is the way of life in china. I aim to speak on women in ancient times, women at the end of feudal society as well as the role of women in present dayRead MoreThe Victorian And Post World War I1590 Words   |  7 PagesVictorian era and developed a template for prospective gender constructs. The Victorian woman, expected to preserve purity and domesticity, was portrayed with a repressed sexuality. Passive characterization supported the duty of child bearing as the female destiny and molded their identities into subordinate ones. At the turn of the 20th century in Great Britain, women began to partake in conventionally male pursuits and diverged from traditional gender roles, completely redefining their identities post-WorldRead MoreThe Straight State : Homosexuality And Citizen ship During Twentieth Century America Essay1416 Words   |  6 Pagesto light during the twentieth century and is still prevalent today. There are arguments by certain individuals that claim that discrimination of those who identify as non-heterosexual have disappeared. I would argue that such discrimination is still alive and present in our modern society. Very noticeable today with the values of our Vice-President Elect Mike Pence who thinks that homosexuality can be â€Å"fixed† through electric shock therapy. Values like this are similar to that held during the twentiethRead MoreUnequal Rights For Women And Gender Inequality1732 Words   |  7 Pagesfor women and gender inequality have been a plague across European society since the dawn of time. It was not until the late eighteenth century that women’s rights activists, such as Mary Wollstonecraft, began to take action against this inequality. Through the perseverance of these activists, major reforms for equali ty began to arise during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, both being time periods that marked a profound era for women and the progression of women’s rights. During this time women’s

Environmental Issues Report for Protection Advocate Free Samples

Question: Describe about the Environmental Issues Report for Environment Protection Advocates. Answer: Introduction Issues to do with environmental degradation have raised an alarm internationally calling a response from major environment protection advocates ranging from state governments, humanitarian movements, and international conventions such as the World Bank, UNEP, and WHO among others. Practically, environmental degradation is a national disaster bringing into attention the corporate and global world into formulating strategies to respond to environmental calamities. Environmental issues affect the political, economic, and social arenas of life. Categorically, in the corporate world, environment affects business operations due to the need of establishing a sustainable development for economic growth. Industrial, agricultural, and human activities contribute to pollution of the environment. The aftermath of the mentioned disciplines is global warming, greenhouse gas emissions, pollution dashboard, and carbon footprint which cause adverse climate changes over time. The purpose of this report is generating innovative analytic solutions and predictive models applicable to the relevant authorities in solving the environmental issues. The paper will major on greenhouse gas emissions as a pollutant to the environment. Ideally, the research shall be broken into major units ranging from sources of greenhouse gasses emission, impacts of greenhouse gasses emission to the environment, and trends of discharge. Further, the paper shall focus on global models and innovative ideas of mitigating environmental degradation, highlight any possible challenges speculated with the proposed strategies, and offer options in the form of recommendations to solve problems relating to the outlined models to ensure organizations become successful. The Watson analytic is used to bring into picture the global emission of CO2 taking into account China, United States, Japan, European Union, India, and Russian federation as key emitters of carbon due to increased industrial process. Further, data on trends in greenhouse gasses emission is graphical represented to depict the future outcomes of greenhouse emissions. Models such as numerical model and solutions such as technology assessment needs, and the use of integrated software for business intelligence and planning are structurally constructed basing on the data generated from Watson analytics. Sources and types of greenhouse gasses emission Carbon (IV) oxide. Carbon (IV) oxide gets into the atmosphere by burning solid waste, wood products, and fossil fuels such as oil, natural gas, and coal. Some chemical reactions such as cement manufacturing also circulate carbon into the atmosphere. Nitrous oxide. Emission of methane into the atmosphere is through combustion of fossil fuels, and solid wastes. Nitrous can equally be emitted as a result of industrial and agricultural activities such as fertilizer application on crops. Methane. Methane is circulated in the atmosphere from livestock and agricultural activities. Additionally, the gas may be emitted during transportation and production of natural gas, oil, and coal. Further, decaying organic waste materials is a source of methane (Tan,2014). Fluorinated gases. Industrial processes release hydrofluorocarbons, sulfur hexafluoride, and other gasses into the atmosphere. These gasses are stronger in depleting the ozone layer causing a global warming effect. Pie chart diagram showing percentage emissions of green house gasses (Tiwari, Ojha, Yadav, 2014) IBM Watson analytics Global carbon emissions Research by Edgar foundation on the global emission of carbon (IV) oxide indicates that the rate of carbon emission is rising globally. Emissions from combustion of fossil fuel and industrial processes are at the lead with a percentage representation of 35.7 billion. 2014 Statistics indicate that there was a slighter improvement in CO2 production with only 0.5% of CO2 increment from 2013. This is, however, interesting since the economy grew by 3%. Energy consumption equally decreased compared to the previous year. Such a sigh of progress is linked to the changes in climate since mild winter considerably helped in limiting fossil fuel demands for space heating in Europe. The top four carbon emitters, China emitted 29.6%, the United States 15.0%, Europe 9.6%, and India 6.5% in the year 2014. India indicated an increase of 7.8% whereas China and United States showed only a slighter increase of 0.9% each in 2014 compared to 2014. Europe showed a reduction of 5.4%. Source: https://edgar.jrc.ec.europe.eu/news_docs/jrc-2015-trends-in-global-co2-emissions-2015-report-98194 Trends of greenhouse gasses emission (Hutchison, 2013) Primary sources of greenhouse emissions are electricity production, agricultural activities, transport industry, commercial and residential, and forestry. From the data, it is clear that about 20 percent of greenhouse gas emissions have been witnessed since 2000. Changes in the trend of emissions may have resulted due to shifts in the economic position of states, variations in the price of fuel amongst other factors. Cold winter seasons increases fuel demand for industrial and commercial sectors due to increased transport needs. The trend in the emission of greenhouse gasses emissions is worrying since atmospheric gasses keep on growing on a yearly basis risking the human population and other living things against the effects of ultraviolet rays and global warming. Impacts of greenhouse gasses emission to the environment Greenhouse gas emissions cause some environmental issues ranging from global warming, oceanic acidification, and ozone depletion, changes in plant growth and nutritional levels, and smog pollution. Global warming. With the inception of the industrial revolution, greenhouse gas levels keep increasing in the atmosphere due to massive industrial and transport program to enhance economic growth (Simon, 2010). The gasses released in the air trap and store heat in the atmosphere increasing surface temperatures by 0.75 degrees Celsius for the past 100 years. Global warming harms the environment through hazardous conditions such as desertification, stronger storms, increased melting of snow and ice, and sea level rise (Bohringer World Bank, 2014). Ocean acidification. Carbon (IV) Oxide is one of the major greenhouse gasses emitted into the atmosphere. The gas sinks in oceans forming carbonic acid in oceans affecting the aquatic lives. Practically, further increase of carbon (IV) oxide in the air also increases the acidic levels of oceans (Barnard, Hain, Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, 2014). Plant growth and nutritional changes. Plants use carbon (IV) oxide for growth and development. Therefore, increase in levels of carbon (IV0 oxide in the atmospheric air, causes a vital importance in the growth of plants. Such plants are subject to higher protein content for example potato tubers. Nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus equally surface to the advantage of the plants for growth and survival (In Bahadur, In Rajam, In Sahijram, In Krishnamurthy, 2015).s Smog pollution. More concentration of greenhouse gasses increases ozone concentration too. Emissions such as methane and nitrogen oxides on the ground cause ozone pollutant, a major component of smog that affects human health as well as plant growth (Demidov Bonnet, 2009). Continuous exposure to ozone reduces life expectancy level causing premature death. MitigatIng the exposure to ozone has been enhanced via restricted production of soya beans, maize and wheat are necessitated.Ozone layer depletion. Nitrogen oxide destroys the ozone layer. Depletion of ozone layer comes with significant problems such as exposure to ultraviolet rays that damage the skin through burns. Further exposure to such a risk may cause illness related to skin infection or cancer. Global models and innovative ideas of mitigating environmental degradation Watson Analytics argues the importance of using simple data to analyze situations, improve on present systems and predict future outcomes. The four models applied in attempts to solve environmental issues are human-mediated processes model, numerical model, environmental governance model, and the social model of environmental impact. Human-mediated model. The model assumes human decision-making as a major approach to mitigate environmental hazards through adapting to selective activities during their daily living. The global tool used to pass ideas in this model is communication to inform the public of the impact of environment degradation and outlining mitigation process. Societal learning is enhanced under this model to highlight human responses to environmental change (Hutchison, 2013). The use of Agent practical type method of presenting the mitigation procedures will help to enhance understanding the role of human beings in the protection of the environment. Equally, creating urgency in need of eliminating existing hazards such as waste burning, fossil fuels consumption, and others(Caldwell et al., 2009). Numerical model. The statistical approach relies on the use of real data to access the impact of environment risks to the socio-economic and political wellbeing of the human population. Strategically, real-time data will help in projecting scenarios of change, planning cause of action and budget accordingly. For example, data on the percentage of carbon (IV) oxide released into the atmosphere will help in establishing technical ways of improving personal lifestyle by reducing consumption of fossil fuels. The approach will equally lead to the development of integrative assessment procedures for further interventions on environmental protection designs (Rosati, Coastal Engineering Research Program (U.S.), Coastal Engineering Research Center (U.S.), United States, 1993). Environmental governance model. Environmental management model assumes the role of government in controlling environment through formulating policies that manage industrial processes and human activities for environment protection. For example, carbon emission control act that demands companies to regulate the amount of carbon released into the atmosphere. Enhance this requires businesses to install carbon regulation plants at their sites to safeguard the environment. The model advocates for sustainable development, however, it raises the needs of managing human activities in the political, social, and economic spheres (In Martin In Kennedy, 2015). Governance should, therefore, be initiated by the government, businesses, and civil societies. Environmental management model views natural resources and environment as global public goods that carry significant value. In a nutshell, the model calls all stakeholders into ensuring that these global products are suitably utilized for a stable climatic condition. Maintainance of environmental, economic value practical uses management approach to restricting public and private sectors from damaging the environment. Social model of environmental impact .Studying environmental data within the environment helps in designing a framework that directs investigation of environmental impacts. These surveys shed light on issues attracting greenhouse gasses. Environmental impact assessment based on proponent components of social model is profoundly represented through culture, political economy, and the social structure (Konstantinou, 2013). Culture Culture is depicted as a driving force of environmental change. For instance, the use of public opinion helps to measure environmental values and attitudes in many states. Such findings give a clear picture of public concern to environmental issues and influence the choice of technology to use based on public support level. Additionally, social movements serve as grounds where public concerns are translated into policies for transforming environmental impacts. Equally, historical data on culture shape actions towards the environment. For example, religious heritage and technological systems serve as dominant factors of accessing environmental impact by determining beliefs and customs.Technology could be used to suggest the type of tools and machinery for agricultural practices reducing the emission of greenhouse gasses causing environmental degradation. Political economy Politics influence environmental decisions through measuring the level of democracy and government involvement in the economy. Governments via the constitution shape freedom and rights that may correspond to environmental issues (Mill, 2001).Suggestively, nations that allow much freedom in the economic investments may experience adverse environmental effects due to increased non-monitored industrial processes. Industries may equally boom due to ease of entry leading to more production and releasing of greenhouse gasses. Institutional policies may positively influence environmental quality. For example proper waste disposal and selective chemicals that are biodegradable and environmentally friendly. Statistics show that democratic government systems are more concerned with environmental quality as compared to authoritarian governments. Social structure The social structure influences the environment. States economic prosperity correspond the level of environmental concerns. For instance, poverty and inequality negatively affect environmental quality since the affected population becomes less concerned with environmental issues. Poverty, distribution of income, and land affect the technical levels of a nation as well as an individual. The standard of engagement towards environmental concerns is determined by the outlined elements too. Further, there is substantial evidence that gender differences impact environmental concerns. It is perceived that female spent a lot of time cleaning their environment; however, they use more products prone to environmental hazards as compared to men (Lin, 2001). Challenges of selected models The greatest challenges of environment analytic data are sheer volume, ability to handle foreign languages, and running real-time information in the system on a daily basis. Off the shelf analytic tools could be a temporary solution to the fixed problems, however; they are limited to a particular purpose and may often fail to address other concerns of greater interests. Validation of data may also be a challenge. Mixed media usage to address clients specified needs is equally a challenge (Byrski, 2012). Addressing environmental issues is similarly limited due to lack of involvement from financial institutions, trade conflicts between the state and businesses due to the negligence of environmental agreements, and the social structural gaps leading to institutional failure in global environmental governance (United States, 2010). Recommendations; Innovative environmental analytic solutions Technology assessment needs. Assessing technology needs allow countries and industries to determine the best technology and prioritize on those that mitigate greenhouse emissions. It is equally important to understand environmental needs before choosing the type of technology to use in production. These requirements will determine the best technology choice for running pollution free environment programs and production methods (Sleezer, Russ Gupta, 2014). The end mark of such initiatives is maximum participation and support by the public domain. To some extent, familiarizing with the environment needs will substantiate the training and methods to be embraced in attempts to solve environmental hazards. Training. Training hikes the levels of accountability as far as environment protection is concerned. Purposively, training prevents further environmental hazards and address existing environmental risks. Training in context enhances professional practice through practical, repetitive and scenario based basis. Such a move increases assurance to personnel dealing with hazardous conditions since they are well equipped with skills and knowledge of handling data and practical approaches to solving the environmental crisis. Seminars, conferences, and field activities boost workforce and education level of handling environment to reduce further pollutants. For instance, training on mitigation may range from using new technology, renewable energy consumption, changing consumer behavior or management practices. Use of integrated software for business intelligence and planning. Environmental degradation is linked to conflict due to the proliferation of environmental agreements with companies. Such issues require the management to use integrated software for business intelligence and planning purposes. Business intelligence involves the use of functional business information to detect significant events and monitor business trends to suit the changing environment. The approach will help the management to improve on decision making and tactics translating to a pollution free environment with least carbon emission and other greenhouse gasses (IBI 2011, Qu, Yang, 2012) Sample business intelligence integrated software ( Byrski, 2012) The software plays four principal functions which are; getting insights into consumer behavior, improving visibility, turns data into action based information, and improves efficiency. Getting insight into consumer behavior. With increased danger of greenhouse gas emissions leading to change in weather patterns, it is possible that most people may change their tastes and preferences. Such an action may work for or against the business. Business intelligence software will help the management to understand the market dynamics and develop products that match the current consumption trends. The approach shall ensure that the firm exists even during adversity and maintain its profit margin by attracting potential customers (Revella, 2015). Improving visibility. The risk of closure due to environmental issues is a major problem affecting most business. Business intelligence software shall allow businesses to control their production processes and make necessary improvements to fit into government policies. Regulations on production stipulated in the Company Production Act shall also be met amicably. Competitively, meeting the stated standards will leverage the company from closure due to poor environment related issues (Michalewicz, 2007). Turning data into action based information. Changes in the environment come with a significant shift in peoples livelihood affecting their economic, political, and social frameworks. Such changes cause a paradigm shift of economic status of many states to greater heights. Patterns in production line equally become affected calling most organizations into changing their mode of operation and management designs. Business intelligence software shall allow the business to be swift in developing change programs that suit their financial position taking into account market demands for a prosperous future. Additionally, businesses shall enjoy opportunities such as awards of tender from government and parastatal due to their ability to manage resources and environment (Rosch Scheule, 2013). Diagrammatic representation of how data system works (IBI 2011, Yang, 2012) Improving efficiency. Business intelligent software improves organizational efficiency through integrating all components and factors describing the business. For instance, information about changes in tastes and preferences due to climate change can be shared across relevant departments of the organization. As a matter of fact, such an initiative will save time on reporting processes and analytics. Additionally, duplication of roles within organization shall be evicted thus increasing accuracy in data generated from key departments. Further, this will improve productivity. Conclusion Precisely, it is important to note that environmental degradation is a global issue since effects of pollutants are spread from one state to another directly or indirectly. Greenhouse gasses are one of the primary sources of pollutants that affect the environment leading to climate change. Greenhouse gasses are categorized into four major types which are; Carbon (IV) oxide, nitrous oxide, methane, and fluorinated gasses. Primarily, sources of greenhouse gas are electricity production, agricultural activities, transport industry, commercial, and forestry. Statistics show that the future of the environment is at risk due to a constant increase in greenhouse gasses emission with carbon (IV) oxide as the leading pollutant in the atmosphere due to consistent industrial processes and human activities such as agriculture. Further, impacts of greenhouse emissions to the environment emanate into other environmental issues such as global warming, oceanic acidification, and ozone depletion, cha nges in plant growth and nutritional levels, and smog pollution. However, strategic measures can be designed to globally control and access the impact of environment degradation through selected models. These models range; human-mediated processes model, numerical model, environmental governance model, and the social model of environmental impact. Significantly, the models are limited to challenges ranging from a huge volume of data, different communication languages, limited use, validity issues, and mixed media use. Further, lack of involvement from financial institutions, trade conflicts between the state and businesses due to the negligence of environmental agreements, and the social structural gaps leading to institutional failure on global environmental governance hinder the effectiveness of the outlined models. However, these challenges can be mitigated through training, assessment of technology needs within organizations, and the use of integrated software for business intelligence and planning. References Barnard,N., Hain,S., Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity. (2014). Scientific synthesis of the impacts of ocean acidification on marine biodiversity. Bohringer,C., Rutherford,T.F., Tarr,D.G., Turdyeva,N., World Bank. (2014). The environmental implications of Russia's accession to the World Trade Organization. Washington, D.C.: World Bank. Byrski,A. (2012). Advances in intelligent modeling and simulation: Simulation tools and applications. Berlin: Springer. Caldwell,M.M., Crooks,J.A., Heldmaier,G., Jackson,R.B., Lange,O.L., Mooney,H.A., Sommer,U. (2009). Biological Invasions in Marine Ecosystems: Ecological, Management, and Geographic Perspectives. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Demidov,S., Bonnet,J. (2009). Traffic-related air pollution and internal combustion engines. New York: Nova Science Publishers. Havercroft,I., Macrory,R., Stewart,R.B. (2011). Carbon capture and storage: Emerging legal and regulatory issues. Oxford: Hart Publishing. https://edgar.jrc.ec.europe.eu/news_docs/jrc-2015-trends-in-global-co2-emissions-2015-report-98194 Hutchison,E.D. (2013). Essentials of human behavior: Integrating person, environment, and the life course. Los Angeles: SAGE. IBI 2011, Qu,X., Yang,Y. (2012). Information and business intelligence: International Conference, IBI 2011, Chongqing, China, December 23-25, 2011. Proceedings. Berlin: Springer. In Bahadur,B., In Rajam,M.V., In Sahijram,L., In Krishnamurthy,K.V. (2015). Plant biology and biotechnology: Volume I. In Martin,P., In Kennedy,A. (2015). Implementing environmental law. Konstantinou,K. (2013). Earthquakes: Triggers, environmental impact, and potential hazards. New York: Nova Science Publishers. Lin,N. (2001). Social capital: Social structure and action theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Michalewicz,Z. (2007). Adaptive business intelligence. Berlin: Springer. Mill,J.S. (2001). The Principles of political economy. Kitchener: Batoche. Revella,A. (2015). Buyer Personas: How to gain insight into your customer's expectations, align your marketing strategies, and win more business. Rosati,J.D., Coastal Engineering Research Program (U.S.), U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Coastal Engineering Research Center (U.S.), United States. (1993). SBEACH: Numerical model for simulating storm-induced beach change. Vicksburg, MS: U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station. Rosch,D., Scheule,H. (2013). Credit securitizations and derivatives: Challenges for the global markets. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley. Simon,S. (2010). Global warming. Sleezer,C., Russ-Eft,D.F., Gupta,K. (2014). A practical guide to needs assessment. San Francisco: Wiley. Tan,Z. (2014). Air pollution and greenhouse gasses: From basic concepts to engineering applications for air emission control. Tiwari,S., Ojha,G., Yadav,P. (2015). Reduction of Green House Gas Emission by Clean Power Trading. SAMRIDDHI: A Journal of Physical Sciences, Engineering, and Technology, 7(1). doi:10.18090/samriddhi.v7i1.4473 United States. (2010). The international financial institutions: report to the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, second session, March 10, 2010. Washington: U.S. G.P.O.

Employee Training and Career Development free essay sample

Employee training and development is the key to the success of an organization. It is the role of the Human Resource department to provide employees with the information and tools needed for training and development, and to ensure the success of organizational development. Training and development of employee is benefits the organization by ensuring the organization able to adapt to every changing economy and industries. To ensure the organization is able to meet these changes, the human resource department designs and develop programs that meet the needs of the organization. Role of Training in an Organization’s Development According to DeCenzo and Robbins (2007) employee training is defined as â€Å"changing skills, knowledge, attitudes, or behavior† of an employee; and is considered â€Å"present-day oriented†; focusing on the employees current position, by enhancing his or her skills for that specific job and the ability to perform that job. The development of an organization depends on the performance and the ability accomplish his or her job. According to Glance, Hogg, and Huberman (1997) â€Å"an organization’s decision whether or not to train its workers affects the overall economy, even if the firm does not factor the economy into its decision† (p. 84). Organizations benefit from having well trained employees that are able to adjust to new changes within the organization and perform at a higher level. With well trained employees the organizations increases production within the organization. Training cost for training employees can be extremely high; however, the long-term benefits in the decrease in employee turnover. Organizations are willing to invest further employee development once the employee has demonstrated he or she is able to perform all job requirements. Methods and Benefits of Employee Development Employee development focuses on the personal growth of employee and future position the employee may hold in the future (DeCenzo Robbins, 2007). Organizations use many different types of internal and external methods to further train employees. Those methods are the following: †¢Job Rotation †¢Assistant-to Positions †¢Committee assignment †¢Lecture Courses and Seminars †¢Simulations †¢Outdoor Training Job rotations allows the employee to the opportunity to train in different department to acquire knowledge and develop new job skills. Employees are introduced to job rotations either vertical or horizontal. Employee that are promoted to a new position will be vertically rotated within the organization to learn the requirements of the job. Other employees that given the opportunity to learn and training throughout the organization for a short period of time will be horizontally rotated. Job rotations allows employees to broadening his or her knowledge of how the organization operates (DeCenzo Robbins, 2007). Assistant –to positions allows employees the opportunity to develop his or her job skills and knowledge by working alongside managers in different departments in the organization. Committee assignment allows employees to be involved with decision making process, learn how to critical thinking and solving problems, learn by watching and interacting with others (DeCenzo Robbins, 2007). The benefits of assistant-to and committee assignments is that employees learn what it is required to perform the duties of upper management and developing the tools need to make critical decision when assigned to a committee. External methods used to further develop employees skills, knowledge, current and future job skills is lecture, seminars, simulation exercise, and outdoor training. Lectures and Seminars allow employees to gain information on the job requirements prior to training for a job. The benefits to both of these methods is the ability to reach employees in other location, able to provide training to larger groups via webinar, and is cost effective. Simulations allow employees the opportunity to work in virtual reality work place. These simulations have decision making games, role play games, and case studies (DeCenzo Robbins, 2007). The advantages to using simulation is that organization can design a virtual work environment that is based on real managerial situation and has no effect on cost because poor performance. Outdoor training is centered on teamwork. This method is most effective in the wilderness, where employees are put through several challenges. Organization want to know how employees will react in stressful situations. The advantages to outdoor training is that employees are forced to build relationships, trust, and work together. Relationship between Employee and Organizational Development The relationship between employee and organizational development is both focuses on the improvements of the organization. According to DeCenzo and Robbins (2007) organization development refers to the â€Å"continuous improvements, diversity, and work process engineering† required for the organization to continue to grow (p. 214). The continuous changes within the economy, technology, and the business industry is the reason why employee and organizational development is needed. If the organization decides to change how procedures and processing is conducted, it is important for employees to be trained on the new procedures, process of production, and skills needed to perform the new job requirements. In order for organizations to be successful; employees and the organizations must be able to adapt to change. It is the responsibility of the organization human resource department to identify the changes and develop the material to training employees. Role of Human Resource Management in Career Development Over the years human resource management have played a key role in career development by providing employees with the necessary tools needed to achieve his or her career goals. In the current business world human resource management department’s career development program has had to evolve into to a contemporary program. The HRM provides employees with a clear guideline of what the organizations goals and strategies for the future; opportunity for growth, time off for school, and tuition reimbursement. A contemporary program provides employees with a mentor, support system during his or her process of continual learning and building a self-confidence. Career development is important to organization because it provide them with a source of talented employees, provides minorities and women with the opportunity for growth, reduces frustrations amongst employees, builds diversity, and promotes goodwill (DeCenzo Robbins, 2007). The objective of the HRM is attract talented employees and retain them, by promoting a successful career development program. Reflection on Personal Career Development Career development was influential in my decision to go back to school and earn a bachelor’s degree. In the last three years I have earned a degree in Accounting and I will have earned a degree in Business Management and Accounting. After working in the banking field for the past 15 years I decided to go back to school earn a degree in accounting to further my career in banking. After earning my accounting degree, I decided to change majors to Business Management because my job description is more training and managing employees. After researching career option, I determined I could make myself more marketable with the job skills I have obtained in working in the banking industry but also with a degree in Accounting and a degree in Business Management. The type of organization I want to be employed by is one that have a career development program that will provide me the opportunity to further develop my business skills. Conclusion The relationship between employee and organizational development requires both to be flexible and adaptable to changes within the organization. Human resources management’s role in organizational development involves employee training and continual career development. HRM is responsible for providing employees with the necessary resources and tools to be successful in continual career development.

Shakespeares Rosalind Essays - British Films, As You Like It

Shakespeare's Rosalind The main themes of "As You Like It" are the pastoral ideal and the ideal of romantic love. Forest of Aden is the primary setting where these themes develop. Nature serves as a refuge from society where we can find solutions to injustice and unhappiness. This play is a comedy and thus has a happy ending but it is not a fairy tail. Shakespeare highlights the difference between reality and illusion. Rosalind embodies the sensibility, the humor and the kind of love that leads to a happy, harmonious living. She brings the plot to a resolution when four contrasting romances end in marriage. The focus of the play is her romance with Orlando. Rosalind wants to find a lover without losing her sense of self in the process. Rosalind answers the questions about love, which arise during the play. She is a lovesick maiden and yet she remains an intelligent, witty, and strong character. Rosalind is also a good judge of character. She sees through Jaque's seemingly deep thoughts and recognizes the wisdom of clown Touchstone. Furthermore, she cleverly uses her disguise to get to know Orlando and educate him about love. The meeting of Orlando and Rosalind is the most important event in Act 1 of the play; it is love at first sight. Celia and her cousin talk about falling in love just before the wrestling match. From henceforth I will, coz, and devise sports. Let me see, what think you of falling in love? Her words indicate that Rosalind is ready to face the danger of falling in love. She infers that her father would approve of Orlando because her father approved of his father Sir Rowland. Their meeting reveals a vulnerable side of the Rosalind as she gives him a chain, says, "Gentleman, wear this for me" and waits for him to continue the conversation. In Act Shakespeare draws parallels between Rosalind's relationship with Celia and Orlando's relationship with Adam. When Duke Fredrick banishes his niece from the court, Celia makes a quick decision to go to the Forest of Aden with her cousin and to look for her uncle. This illustrates the degree if love and loyalty between them. Orlando's elder brother Oliver denies him education. When Orlando is leaving for the forest Adam wants to go with him to serve and protect him. Master, go on, and I will follow thee To the last gasp with truth and loyalty? Yet fortune cannot recompense me better Than to die well and not my master's debtor. (2.4. 70-75) Soon after entering the Forest of Arden Rosalind discovers love poems that Orlando hang on the trees. She loses self-control as she reads them one after another. When she finds out that Celia has seen Orlando she is very excited and cannot stop asking her questions, "What did he when you thou saw'st him? What said he? How looked he?" (3.2. 218-20) For a brief period of time, she becomes a victim of infatuation like those she scorns. She is betrayed by something she feels and finds it difficult to admit the truth in love. Shakespeare thus illustrates that she is not ideal, that she has flaws like all other human being. Rosalind's clever idea to dress up as Ganymede enables her to have a double identity, which will give her the opportunity to test Orlando's love. Her disguise probably prevents their immediate marriage. "I will speak to him like a saucy lackey and under that habit play the knave with him." (3.2.292-93) She does not however merely play games, Rosalind she teaches Orlando how to love her. He must keep his promises and respect her thereby proving that his love is real. She takes a cynical view of romantic love to tease Orlando. Rosalind begins to tire of acting after the momentary drop of her guise when she faints at seeing Orlando's bloody handkerchief. When Orlando proves himself to Ganymede and saves the life of his brother Rosalind is ready to make a commitment to him. She does not dispose of her disguise until then because she realizes that only time will show if they are really in love. Time refines their passion for one another. Rosalind is a philosopher Rosalind like

Tips on Writing a Patent Application Abstract

Tips on Writing a Patent Application Abstract The abstract is part of a written patent application. It’s a short summary of your invention, no more than a paragraph, and it appears at the beginning of the application. Think of it as a condensed version of your patent where you can abstract – or take out and focus on – the essence of your invention.   Here are the basic rules for  an abstract from the United States Patent and Trademark Office, Law MPEP 608.01(b), Abstract of the Disclosure: A brief abstract of the technical disclosure in the specification must commence on a separate sheet, preferably following the claims, under the heading Abstract or Abstract of the Disclosure. The abstract in an application filed under 35 U.S.C. 111 may not exceed 150 words in length. The purpose of the abstract is to enable the United States Patent and Trademark Office and the public generally to determine quickly from a cursory inspection the nature and gist of the technical disclosure. Why Is an Abstract Necessary?   Abstracts are used primarily for searching patents. They should be written in a way that makes the invention easily understood by anyone with a background in the field. The reader should be able to quickly get a sense of the nature of the invention so he can decide whether he wants to read the rest of the patent application.   The abstract describes your invention. It says how it can be used, but it does not discuss the scope of your claims, which are  the legal reasons why your idea should be protected by a patent protected, providing it with a legal shield that prevents it from being stolen by others.   Writing Your Abstract Give the page a title, such as Abstract or Abstract of the Specification if you’re applying to the Canadian Intellectual Property Office. Use Abstract of the Disclosure if you’re applying to the United States Patent and Trademark Office.   Explain what your invention is and  tell the reader what it will be used for. Describe the main components of your invention and how they work. Don’t refer to any claims, drawings or other elements that are included in your application. Your abstract is intended to be read on its own so your reader won’t understand any references you make to other parts of your application.   Your abstract  must be 150 words or less. It may take you a couple of tries to fit your summary into this limited space. Read it over a few times to eliminate unnecessary words and jargon. Try to avoid removing articles such as â€Å"a,† â€Å"an† or â€Å"the† because this can make the abstract difficult to read. This information comes from the Canadian Intellectual Property Office or CIPO. The tips would also be helpful for patent applications to the USPTO or World Intellectual Property Organization.

Interview with grandfather Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Interview with grandfather - Essay Example The paper has been able to apply the learned reflections for a mission engagement (Cash & Charles 53) My grandpa stayed with his father before he passed away. He shared his father’s personality. So my mother told me a lot of stories about him, and how everyone loved and respected him, because he loved and respected everyone as well. He was not a rich man, but his inheritance was a little bit of money, and big cows and some small cows to benefit from it. He had worked when he was 15 years old, and he sacrificed for his family because he always was saying â€Å"I don't want you to need any help from anyone except me†. My grandpa had used his cows to sell some of her milk to get money. I took a lot of his character because I really like what he had done in his life. Previously I did not realize anything before I heard my grandfather’s story, but after that I become serious and responsible  about everything especially my family. For instance, how he made his dream, how he was helping everyone, and how his behavior and his personality were. First of all, in that old days everyone had an independent work and no one needed to get any help from others; all of them helped themselves. But obviously if they asked anyone to have what they need they would find everyone beside them. My grandpa is one of the honest people, because he had built his life by himself. He had two jobs at the same time; the first job was milking his cows in the morning to get what his family needed and to bring some clothes and some food. The second job was a seller at the supermarket with his friend's store, therefore, he had earned a lot of money, and he saved for his family in case or start his project or if he dies. By having two jobs at the same time, he was able to provide for his family whilst providing employment to other people in the society. In other words, he played a major role in bringing development in his society. His project was to build a dairy factory. He w as dreaming about building that factory since he was child when he grows up. Indeed, his dream came true, seeing that he was hardworking and a principled man who never stopped until he achieved his goals in life. However, he never stopped working. Actually, he continued and developed that dream to make his company impact some kind of medicines which is the same company for the dairy but another department. I learned from his experiences and from his willingness when he has a small idea how he improves it and how he had never given up. As I have seen from him I will do in the future, because if I keep going and I never give up certainly I will reach my goals. Although, he was busy in the beginning of his life, he was also playing on the popular soccer team in Saudi Arabia. I was always asking him how you can make all these things at the same time and how you were perfect in all that what you had done; he answered me by a useful wisdom â€Å"Love what you are doing, to do what you lo ve." After that, I say to myself why I could not be like this man. In one way or the other, he was very inspiring and he played a key role in modifying my life. Since that time I promise myself to put my goal in front of me and then remind myself about my grandfather’s story, and what he had done. Finally, he had worked at a small column in the newspaper which is a famous newspaper in the Saudi Arabia; he was a big Journalist and wise. At that

Alone as We Grieve Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Alone as We Grieve - Essay Example In any case, one thing is sure; body, mind, and spirit are the essential constituents of a living person. We know that our body gets destroyed after the death. However, we do not know what happens to the soul after death. There are plenty of people who believe that soul cannot be died even after the death of a person, as it is a form of energy, which drives our body. They substantiate their arguments with the help of scientific principles. Science accepts the existence of an energy, which drives our body. But, scientific principles say that energy can neither be created, nor be destroyed. If that is true science should explain what happens to the soul (energy) after death. In short, nobody can deny the existence of life after death. Didion’s experiences and feelings after the death of her husband can be analyzed under the above context. Didion wants to be alone—especially on the night of her husband’s death—but at other times she seems surrounded by people . In the following essay, I will examine the relationship between grief as we imagine it, and grief as it really is, in Joan Didion’s After Life†. â€Å"I remember a sense of shock. I wanted to say not yet but my mouth had gone dry. I could deal with â€Å"autopsy† but the notion of â€Å"obituary† had not occurred to me† (p11). These words clearly suggest the deep attachment Didion had with her husband. It should be noted that the autopsy is normally conducted on dead bodies, which are unknown to the doctor. At the same time, the word obituary we normally use when some of beloved ones passes away. In both the cases, one may feel grief, but the grief felt in the second case is deeper than the grief felt in the first case. â€Å"Grief is different. Grief has no distance. Grief comes in waves, paroxysms, sudden apprehensions that weaken the knees, blind the eyes, and obliterate the dailiness† (p10). It is difficult to define grief in simple ter ms. Pain, helplessness and physical humiliation are some of the characteristics of grief. While pain affects both body and mind, grief affects only the mind or soul. Grief comes as waves and sudden apprehensions whereas pain affects a person continuously. All humans in this world should have experienced some kind of pain during their lifetime. Therefore, anybody can define pain in their own ways. However, it is difficult for a person who never experiences actual grief to define grief exactly. In other words, what we think about grief is actually different from what we feel because of grief. For example, it is easy for a person to give soothing words to the person who experiences grief. He may even criticize the griever for not controlling his/her grief. This is because of the differences about the perceptions of grief and the feeling of grief. Grief, when it comes, is nothing we expect it to be. It is not what I felt when my parents died. what I felt in each instance was sadness, lo neliness, regret, for time gone by, for things unsaid, for my inability to share or even in any real way to acknowledge, at the end, the pain and helplessness and physical humiliation they each endured (p.10). Death of beloved ones always generates grief in the minds of a person. However, it is not necessary that the grief generated by the death of parents is same as the grief generated by the death of husband or children. Even though a person may have only one mother and father, that mother and father may have more than one child. So, grief generated

Critically analyze the major HRM systems of HP Essay

Critically analyze the major HRM systems of HP - Essay Example HP, is used strategically to shape and reinforce a certain type of culture by reinforcing certain ideas, norms, and behavior and by discouraging others. Strong values are passed down by the management and then reinforced by procedures and rituals that emphasize and reward desired behaviors in tandem with a cultural network that is consisted of a system of communication that is used as a tool to disseminate values and create corporate heroes. (Barry 2000, p. 107) This paper will explore the processes involved behind the HP HRM strategy, particularly the organizations rigorous selection and recruitment methods and the emphasis on employee training, compensation and performance evaluation. It is important to underscore that HP, along with IBM, initiated the antecedents of HRM in its studies of non-unionized employee management. For HP, HRM has always been associated with the kind of people management that placed a great deal of emphasis on gaining the commitment of individual employees to organizational goals. Confidence in and respect for our people as opposed to depending upon extensive rules, procedures and so on; which depends upon people to do their job right (individual freedom) without constant directives. (Gratton 1999, p. 109) One needs to remember that HP is now known worldwide as a company that continually creates innovative products and processes. That is why HP wants to recruit not just the best people but those skilled and committed to work in an entrepreneurial team-based environment that breeds innovation. According to Dexter Dunphy (2002), the core approach that drives HP’s way in developing its human capital lie in the following strategies: The above-mentioned strategies supposedly make it possible for HP to be able to quickly respond to the requirements of the market and the customers’ expectations. Such strategies are anchored on the development of enabling departmental structures like the utilization of smaller departments and

Table Manners Cultural Differences

Table Manners Cultural Differences Thesis statement: All of us know that diet is very important in our daily life. It can can reflect a nations tradition and culture. However, each country in which geographical, environmental, and cultural and ethnic customs, which has a different concept of diet and dietary practices, and ultimately the formation of the differences in diet culture. Of cause, the table manners appear in our life everyday. They are witness of the history of dietary cultures for thousands of years, are the sign that a country or nation from ignorance and backward towards civilization and progress. Research achievement has a lot on the table manners, and in this passage, the author will stress on the analysis of their differences and the formation cause of the differences. Abstract: The different of the philosophical thoughts and the various kinds of social factors make some differences in Chinese and Western table manners. In China, a banquet, whatever the purpose, there will be a kind of form. Everyone sitting around the table and the delicacy is put in the center of the table. Not only it is a good taste, but also it is a communication medium for people. People toast each other and let food each other. It embodies the mutual respect and the virtue of humility. This way is easy to communicate with others. However, the western table manners are more cumbersome and canonical. Every people has his own service plate, no matter what dish has, they eat by themselves. Westerners drink also depend on their own thoughts, such as Whisky, Cocktails, Brandy, they can drink what they like. It embodies the respect of personal willingness. In this paper, we will talk about Chinese and western table manners and finding out the reasons. The purpose is to improve our intercultural communication ability by means of doing the research on the differences dietary culture between China and west in table manners. 1. Introduction In the 21st century, intercultural communication has become an indispensable content in peoples life. Cooking culture and table manners play a significant role of nonverbal culture in cross-cultural communication. Because of the Chinese people and Westerners have different life styles, the way of thinking, culture, so the table manners between china and western also show a big difference. Chinese table manners have a long history, At the time of the ancient times, table manners had a quite complete system. They took an important part in the past and still have a deep influence in the modern society. Western table manners originated in the 20 century. Italian culture came to France, table manners and menu turned to be more elegant and delicate, from that time, books of etiquette are published gradually. Today, table etiquette is still spreading in Western countries. The table manners in Western countries have influence on Chinese table manners because of the communication. In order to protect our table culture, we can make the two table manners get together, which is good for us to communicate with foreigners. So, it is necessary for us to know the differences of the two table manners and analyze the causes of the different the two table manners between Chinese and Western. 2. The importance of table manners in international cultural communication As Chinese reform and opening quicken markedly, international cultural communication also increases quickly. We must be willing to communicate and be tolerant of views that differ from our own. Our abilities are improved according to international communication. In the society, we do many things successfully on table. For example, when we meet important person, or we have important thing, we could ask the relevant people to have dinner, and discuss on the table. So we must know the table manners. Moreover, if we have a dinner with the Westerners, we should understand the Western table manners well. Because the Western table manners is different from Chinese. On the table, no matter what country the people come from, they could feel the respect from the table manners. Today, transnational cultural communication is so frequent that table manners become more and more important. Not only the whole dining process more harmonious but also status of customers more obvious and their communic ation more convenient by the table manners. For foreign language learners, it is quite useful to know the differences of Chinese and western dietary culture. We can not only increase the understanding of the table manners culture, but also improve the success of intercultural communication, which can help to avoid misunderstandings and communication disorder because of inappropriate behavior. 3. The differences table manners between China and Western countries 3.1 The differences in arrival of time When talking about the time, the Chinese and Westerners have different views. In China, we dont pay much attention on the time. We dont have specific demands about arrival time. To arrive earlier, on time or a little late are all allowed. In fact, we often get to the place where we have a dinner at a litter late time. Because most of us think the host should wait for guest and it is a way to respect for others. The Westerners think both of the time and money are very important, so they always make time and money bonded together. There is a saying goes said that Time is money , and the saying goes has become deeply in the Westerners mind. Therefore, they cherish as far as possible, they plan and manage their time carefully. The Westerners are often filled with a sense of urgency of time. All of them have a interest that they go to some parties in free time. If the westerners have to go to somewhere to have a dinner with others, they must arrive there on time. Frequently, when they want to have a dinner at ones home, they usually get earlier for five minutes. In their opinion, it is not very polite for you to get much earlier, maybe the hostess is so busy doing preparation for the dinner that is not suitable for you to reach at that time. 3.2 The differences in seating arrangement Both in China and in the west, people are particular in seating arrangement of formal banquette. In the Chinese banquets, we prefer to the round table . If there is just a round table in the family dinner, it has no table order. If we join a formal dinner, our seating should comply with the rule. Traditionally, Chinese use square table and the seats, which is look towards to the door is the most important, while seats on both sides are partial seats. So, the elderly and the guests of honor or high status should sit at the seat facing the main door. Then guest of honor sit on the right of the host and deputy chief gust on the left. While, as for the dinning of less than five people, its table setting can follow those four rules: right is honor and the left is low; the middle seat is senior; the seat of facing the door is the top; flexibility arrangement. In Western countries, people usually use long table. Host and hostess sit at both ends, and the guests of honor sit besides them. Then ordinary guests sit along with them. That is to say, the one who is more nearer to the host, the more important he is. In the informal party, it follows that women is first. Seat arrangement should treat the hostess as benchmark, and the most important guests should sit at the upper right of the hostess and the wife of him sitting at the upper right of the host. If a man and a woman have a diner, the man should let the woman sit on his right and dont let she sit near to the passageway; anyway the man need to let the woman sit inside. When two people have a dinner, the senior sit inside.When two men with a woman, men should let woman sit in the middle place. Besides, men should remove the chairs and let women sit first. In a word, women are very important in the seating arrangement. 3.3 The differences in tableware As everyone know people use chopsticks in China, and chopsticks are the most significant tableware for Chinese. Usually, they are traditionally held in the right hand, even by left-handed people. Although chopsticks may now be deployed by either hand, left-handed chopstick use is considered improper. Besides, there are also some rules to abide by when using it. For example, before dinner, chopsticks must be put on the right of rice bowl tidily. While after the meal, it should be placed in the middle of rice bowl, and when talking with other people, we should put down our chopsticks. It is a polite action to others. When take food for others, we ought to use the public chopsticks. In Western countries, people use knives and forks. When eating western-style food, a knife should be held in the right hand and a fork should be held in left hand. Whats more, the different ways knives and forks place have different meanings. For example, you have to leave for a while when you have a meal, you can put the knife and fork separately as a triangle. The service person will not receive your plate. If you have already finished the meal, you should make the knife and fork parallelled. Bread is taken in the fingers and laid on the side of plate or the edge of the large plate. It is never taken with a fork. Butter is taken from the butter dish with the butter knife and placed on the side of plate, not on ones bread. Well, Chinese use chopsticks and westerners use knives and forks. However, they also represent the difference between both collectivism and individualism. Westerners use knives and forks to cut food and separate it to represent individualism. The Chinese use chops ticks to grasp the entire food to mean unity and collectivism. 3.4 The differences in order of serving Chinese order of serving: the first are cold dishes, beverage and wine; then the hot dishes; next staple food; at last the sweets and fruit. Sometimes, there are many tables, each table should be on every dish at the same time. The order of serving still keep the traditional, first hot and later cold. Besides, hot dishes should be served from the left side opposite the seat of the guest of honot. The dishes like whole chicken, whole duck, and whole fish cant put their heads and tails toward the host seat. In the banquet, each dish like slide show, each time a dish is served. Nevertheless, there are some tips: in the wedding banquet or other red banquet, the plates on the table can be overlapped, and meaning that a good thing comes again and again. While, in the White Banquet like funeral, the plates cannot be overlapped, I think you can guess the reason. Western serving steps are usually like that: bread and butter, cold dishes, soup, seafood, main course, dessert, coffee and fruit. When you eating the cold dishes, the soup and bread should be eaten at the same time. In Western, the cold dishes are known as appetizer dish, served as the first course to eat with an aperitif. And soup includes stains soup and cream soup. The main course has chicken, beef, fish and pork and so on. The dissert always has ice-cream, pudding etc. 3.5 The differences in having dinner on table In China, food should be taken by the guest firstly. If you want to eat some food, you could not take too much. The men could give service to women. When you take food, you could not glance left and right and you could not choose one by one in the public dishes. If you eat with many people, you could have comity with everyone. The food which you want to eat and you cant take, you should ask other people to help you to take. Please avoid leaving seat to take by yourself. Chinese table manners atmosphere is lively, people like chatting over eating. Your utterance should be elegant, scholarly and euphemistic. But talking and laughing loudly is not polite. While eating, the older is first, when a dish served, the young can t eat until the elder eat. Chinese table s atmosphere is lively, people like chatting over eating. But talking and laughing loudly is not polite. hen a person has a cough, he or she should turn his or her back. Before you have a drink, you should drink a toast to the e lder and the guest. In West, men should move the seat for women. People always talk with their neighbors when eating, they dont talk loudly. Usually, people have a talk after the main food that the time of they eat dessert. Using the knife and folk cant make a sound. They do not use their own utensils for others to take their food; do not cut food on a plate after a good use of all right hand fork to eat; do not put the bones and food that dont eat on the floor or on the tablecloth, while put them on the on the plate of iceberg. Besides, the polite way is eating out the food on your plate. 3.6 The differences in leaving the table In China, only can the master sign the end of banquet. After the master and guest leave seat, the other guests can leave. Then, the master should be to see guests off at the gate, and the guests should express their thanks to the master. If the guests want to goodbye to host in the midway of the banquet, they just say good-bye to the master or give a nod as a signal to others. At the end of the banquet in Western countries, people should pick up the napkin from the leg, fold optionally, put the napkin on left of the table, and then get up for leaving. After having a meal, the host and hostess should leave before the other guests leave. When leaving, people should help elders or ladies to move the seats, and thank to the master when they say goodbye. If you want to be more cautious, you can thank by phone or card again. The causes of different table manners between the West and China 4.1 The different cultural connotations Culture will affect peoples view on things. Different country has its different culture, so it is obviously that the thinking model between China and western are different. The Chinese culture pays more attention on ones intuition, and the Western culture leans to logic and analyze. As to the traditional of the culture, Chinese people especially believe their own intuition. They insist the experience and feeling during the thing, this phenomenon also happens in the communication between west and east. In China, thousands of cultural tradition is reflected in Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism. The Confucian thought mainly emphasized benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, faith; Taoists advocated natural and clean; Buddhist is advocated merciful, purdue beings, harmony without. From this we see that what is tasty to a host may not necessarily be tasty to his guest. Because people have different opinions about various ingredients and cooking methods. It is rather easy to misjudg e what someone considers to be the best dish. Forcing a guest to eat food he doesnt like is quite awkward. However, Western countries assert democracy, freedom, equality, and advocated personal power, put emphasis up on personal value, paysattention to individualism. We have to learn from the American literature that the theme of American Dream is an important indication in the American literature history. It means that Americans wish to succeed through their self-dependence and self-reliance. They believe that they are created by God and that they are endowed with special traits which will help them to become the kind of people they wish to be. So this culture connotation can also be reflected in the table cultures. They respect freedom. So there are not so many rules as in Chinese table setting. They behave freely. 4.2 The different way of thinking Compared with western thinking model, the eastern idea is blanket and unclearly. The Chinese thought is more comprehensive and integrated. Traditional perceptual intuition thinking including the doctrine of the thought in Chinese style. The essence of the idea emphasize harmonization or even cancel with extreme solution to the problem. The Chinese psychological bias for comprehensive, logical analysis. The simple integral concept and unified way of thinking reflects our national macro understanding and the ability to transform the world. The west emphasizes analysis and partial logic thinking, and emphasizes its own characteristics. For scientific thinking of the standard, this kind of thinking mode in the real world in present multidimensional nature. At the same time, in western countries, and always put the value of the individual in important position, the principle of the supremacy of outstanding individualism. 4.3 The different behaviors regulation Behaviors regulation means the single standard, which the society can accept. That means that something can tell people what is the right way to solve this matter and what is unsuitable to do. When different background culture people do communication with each other, they usually judge the rationality by own code of conduct. So it is inevitable for them to misunderstand others. And whats more, it will destroy the friendship between people. For example: In China, it is kind to pat childrens head, but it is a very terrible thing in the western country. They think it is unexpected thing to a child. If you do like this, his parents will get very angry for it. And the other different thing: In China, men always smoke after they finish the meals, they think it is a kind of enjoyment. Nevertheless, in western countries, they consider this behavior is not polite to women and children and it is also a rude thing to smoke on a table. So, it is very important for us to recognize and use the dif ferent regulation behavior when we do business or have communication between foreign countries. In order to ensure the communication will be smoothly, you should understand each others conduct. Especially remember the forbidden things and impolite things. The best way is when in Rome, do as the Romans. 4.4 The different values Value is the core of culture and the most appropriate criteria what is used to evaluate the behaviors, things and make choices from all possible targets by social members. Values are the reflection of peoples social existence, people in the same natural environment and social environment will have the same values. Therefore, every society and country is using their own recognized values. In the dinner table etiquette, peoples behavior is a microcosm of the national values and the corresponding behavior under the guidance of different values. In a state of ceremonies like China, emphasizes loyalty and filial piety, reflects the values of collectivism. Chinese people respect the aged and take good care of children, therefore, seating arrangements are very regular, seats not only have upper and lower grades, but also the specific seat sorting. For western countries, the individualism values occupy the dominant position and individual power of each person is reflected. This is because in the philosophy of Westerners, it tends to focus on individualism, personality development and self-expression. They think that if a person is not up to his purpose, which is not because of the destiny but their own laziness and their lack of fighting spirit. Western people put into practice individual dining system, each of them eat their own tableware and choose their own favorite food. So, in western, there will not appear the situation like eating the food reluctantly served by the hosts in China. Conclusion Different countries and different people have different manners. We should have a good knowledge about other customs so that they will not think us are ill-mannered. When exploring the differences in communication manners and customs, we set them mainly into three parts: manner and culture, communication manner and table manner. Considering the roots of these differences, Historical and regional causes might took the significant places. Therefore, a cross culture environment and a cross culture mind do lead to the better understanding in todays communication. In modern society, along with the development of the open policy, it seems that the world is getting smaller and smaller so that people are very active with frequent exchanges. With the constant deepening of integration of the world, we should pay more attention to etiquette among people. In particular, the importance of the table manners is more prominent. Consequently, we should admit these differences in cross-cultural commun ication, and understand and respect it as well. The key of successful intercultural communication is to have a correct attitude to deal with cultural differences. It is to understand and respect other countries culture that is the necessary condition to avoid cultural conflict, realize equal association and cooperate successfully. So as the graduate students, we must based on the requirement of the labor market. We will enter the society later, and before this we must get the full preparation of being a good worker. Only do we learn the different culture and practice it, we could find a good job quickly and do right things during the communication. By doing this can we make our work easier to be handled. If we can understand the manners better, we can know others better.

Essay --

Cancer is a chief health-related stress that requires sufficient coping. The global problem of cancer continues to increase greatly due to aging and growth of the world population and an increase of cancer-causing behaviours, such as smoking, especially in developing countries (Jemal, Bray, Center, Ferlay, Ward & Forman, 2011). More than 40% of people will be diagnosed with cancer in their lifetime with two-thirds of them living for a minimum of five years. Cancer treatment which includes surgery, chemotherapy or radiotherapy, is often strenuous and can last for months or years. Cancer patients and survivors normally experience decreased quality of life, decreased capacity to perform daily activities, and mental health problems, such as depression and anxiety (Meijer, Roseman, Milette, Coyne, Stefanek, Ziegelstein, and ... Thombs, 2011). Cancer is a disease whereby abnormal cells divide without control and attack other tissues. Families of cancer patients face some degree of depressi on, anxiety, and fear when cancer becomes a part of their lives. They feel helpless and eager to find ...

Effective Financial Policy and Procedures

Effective Financial Policies And Procedures Effective Financial Policies and Procedures Medical practices establish financial policies and procedures to control patient billing and the ability to collect money for services they provide. Successful billing practices start with thorough financial policies and procedures which explain patients’ payment responsibilities in terms that are easily understood. An effective medical office financial policy is one that both staff members and practice patients can easily follow and understand. Patients need to understand their obligations and staff members need to know what is expected of the patients. All possible situations should be addressed by a good financial policy. This includes financial arrangements and payment plans, payments for services not covered by the insurance company, and a variety of other circumstances. The basic elements of an effective policy should inform patients how particular situations will be handled. Collection of a patient’s copayment, deductibles and any past-due balances should be addressed; as should payment for services that are not covered by a patient’s insurance company. An effective policy should address how a practice handles prepayment for services they will provide and also any possibility for payment arrangements of unpaid balances on a patient’s account. If a practice offers charity care or discounts to patients with low incomes/financial need it should be stated in the financial policy. Finally, a practice’s financial policy should state their accepted forms of payment such as cash, checks, money orders, and credit or debit cards. Clear medical office procedures that are consistently followed by staff members help support the office’s financial policy. When administrative staff members collect appropriate copayments and other fees as stated in the financial policy, they are helping to support the policy. When staff members become lax in their collection duties and neglect to follow established office†¦

Human Cloning Essay Example

Human Cloning Essay Example Human Cloning Essay Human Cloning Essay Human Cloning BY DJS010679 The first animal cloning started around the early 1950s. During this time, the first thing to be cloned was a northern leopard frog by Robert Briggs and Thomas King. This experiment was to learn how the cells would activate and deactivate during the cell development. His tadpole that he cloned didnt survive into adult hood, but it helped future cloning be more successful. Now in my opinion isnt so bad. Cloning a frog to learn a simple cell development may actually help us more in the future. It could teaches how disorders or disease may be created and show us how to reverse hem before conditions get worse. Another animal was cloned around the late 1990s. The lamb named Dolly was the first vertebrate animal to be cloned. She was the most the most famous because instead of using an embryo, they used an adult cell to clone Dolly. This experiment was to help research into producing medicines in the milk of farm animals. While this was one of the most significant achievements, it started too raised up ethnical concerns. After Dolly was cloned by scientist, other animal such as mice, rabbis, horses, donkeys, pigs, goats and cattle started to be clone. This is was a good experiment in my opinion. Knowing that we can clone animals helps us be able produce more animals that we need for food purposes. Having more animals means we can never really have a food shortage. This would be a good way to help world hunger become less of a problem. Cloning animals dont seem bad to me at all. We could use cloned animals in the zoos instead of animals from the wild. Cloning animals can help with food shortages problem that we may have in the future. It helps increase populations in animals that may go extinct such as lions, tigers, cheetahs, and elephants. It may even be able to bring back extinct animals such as the mammoths. Cloning existing animals for good purposes like world hunger would be an excellent idea, but cloning animals to harm other living beings would be a terrible idea. Cloning would have its pros and cons. It would depend on the scientist and the scientists intentions with how he uses the clones. Since scientist are now able to make genetic mapping, it can be used to help us learn more about who we are and what has made us the way we are. Genetic also shows us what makes us sick and help scientist develop cures diseases and genetic iseases. Scientist believes that genetic may even be able to show us where we came from and our origins. Although genetic mapping may have its pros with helping us find our origins and help cure diseases by looking at our genetics, there are always the cons. If people can find out genetics and what we are allergic too and what makes us sick, they could use that against other people. With genetic mapping there are pros and cons, but the cons would seem too dangerous to even mess with. With genetic mapping, it can show us where we came from. It can show us if we are elated to certain animals and how much. Scientists have said we are primates of apes and monkeys. With genetic mapping it can show us how much we relate to the apes and monkeys and get closer to finding our origin of place and our very first ancestors. I mean who wouldnt want to know where we orgnated? Things we have invented like life support is greatly a benefit for humans. Life support helps humans live longer. It even Just gives them a second chance at life. Without life support, numans wouldnt nave a great IITe expectancy Ilke we nave today. It nelps give people ope that their loved ones will survive and be able to live longer. Life support is one of the best things humanity has ever created. The creation of defibrillator has about the same affect of life support. Defibrillators can also give a second chance to humans. It allows a person that died for a short duration of time, able to come back to life. Defibrillators allow pulses of electricity into your body so your body your. The electrical pulses allow your heart to get back into rhythm and contract properly so it can pump blood properly. Defibrillators are also one of the best things humanity has ver created. We were able to make prosthetic body parts to help replace body parts that we lost or never had. Its helped some people gain movement not possible to them before. For people without legs or arms, prosthetic legs or arms that mimic movements the same as a real human body part. Weve made metal parts for our internal body Just like metal plantings in our heads or metal heart pieces. All of these fake parts have helped people live happily and healthier. Knowing what scientist have helped create with their idea, I could say they are trying to be god like. Scientists are always trying to find a way to improve humanity and help us live longer. Just like when Chinese invented gunpowder that was supposed to be a substance for eternal life, but it became a substance for death till this day. Although scientist may have messed up on gunpowder, they always find a way to counter their mistakes. Just like how gunpowder was made, bulletproof vest were made. Scientists dont necessarily try to be god like, but try to achieve the impossible so they can make it possible. For instance, about 500 years ago, flying the skies was like a fantasy. People didnt think it was possible, but it became possible. Without going beyond and thinking outside the box, we will never know what we can achieve. So I would say I dont think scientist have gone too far. They Just made mistakes on the way, but humans make mistakes called human error. History of Cloning (1950s-1970s). ThinkQuest. Oracle Foundation, n. d. Web. 05 June 2013.. Cloning. HowStuffWorks. N. p. , n. d. Web. 05 June 2013.. Freudenrich, Craig. AnimalResearch. lnfoThe Global Resource for Scientific Evidence in Animal Research. Cloning Dolly the Sheep. N. p. , n. d. Web. 06 June 2013.. MNN Mother Nature Network. MNN Mother Nature Network. N. p. , n. d. Web. 06 June 2013.. Rhodes, Alexander. Connexions. Connexions. N. p. , n. d. Web. 06 June 2013.. Mealclne, w ON Ill M. D. , Executive Dean Tor Cllnlcal ATTalrs, unlverslty 0T Mlaml Miller School of. What Is A Defibrillator And How Does It Work? ABC News. ABC News Network, 20 Nov. 2008. Web. 06 June 2013. http://abcnews. go. com/Health/ HeartRhythmTreatment/story? id=5226012 Ross, Cody. China Gunpowder. China Gunpowder. N. p. , n. d. Web. 06 June 2013..

Using Transformational Leadership in the Era of No Child Lef essays

Using Transformational Leadership in the Era of No Child Lef essays Using Transformational Leadership in the Era of No Child Left Behind: Creating Teacher Leaders to Increase Reading Achievement There is a dearth of information to be found on the subject of how to raise achievement scores in low performing schools. Millions of dollars have been spent on various programs to address the needs of large at-risk populations: Reading First, Americas Choice, Success for All are just a few. Schools at the other end of the spectrum - those who are top performers receive recognition at the state as well as national levels. Those schools are the model schools that seem to have figured out the formula that no one wants to tinker with. But what about those schools in middle? Those schools who are neither low performing, nor in the top strata of the educational pile. They are good, but not quite good enough. They have come a long way, but still have lots of room for improvement. How does one keep that upward spiral going? What type of leadership does it take to maintain that forward momentum? And of course, the bigger question, in todays milieu of No Child Left Behind (NCLB) and accountability, is how to keep those student scores going up so that we eventually meet that goal of 100% proficiency on high-stakes testing? This paper will attempt to answer these questions: what type of leadership is needed at the school level to continue raising achievement scores, specifically in the area of reading on the Criterion Referenced Test in the state of Georgia for the subgroup of Economically Disadvantaged students? My elementary school met the standards for Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) in each of the two previous years testing cycles: 2003 and 2004. We are not a Needs Improvement school based on NCLB guidelines. We do, however, have room for improvement. We still have about 20 students at each grade level who scored in Level 1 in Readin...

Discuss the view presented by Nasim and Sushil (2011) that managing Essay - 1

Discuss the view presented by Nasim and Sushil (2011) that managing change invariably involves managing paradoxes and in partic - Essay Example However, the most critical aspect of the adoption of such change is its management. The management of change in organizational culture poses multiple challenges for any organization. There are various scholars who have embarked on describing different concepts related to organizational culture. Sushil and Nasim highlighted that managing organizational culture involves the management of paradoxes, and more specifically the paradox of continuity and change. This paper will develop a critical argument from the idea posited by these two scholars. It has become evident that change is inevitable. Organizations face the urgency of adopting change, although the course of change presents new complexities. Apparently, only a third of all ventures aimed at fostering change are likely to succeed. The failure of two thirds of all projects seeking to foster change emphasizes the urgency of new strategies for managing change. However, different scholars have posited opinions on whether managing cha nge is a possibility (Collin, 2004:560). One school of thought opines that through management, it is possible to exert a form of control on organizational culture. A different group of scholars has highlighted that organizational culture change can only occur under certain conditions that act as preconditions for the change. The third school of thought is pessimistic concerning the potential of controlling cultural change through management. For these scholars, managing cultural change in an organization is an unlikely venture. Nasim and Sushil (2011:186) highlighted the numerous paradoxes that have been used by different scholars to describe organizational change. The term paradoxes in this context denote the contradictions surrounding organizational change. One of the described paradoxes is the arising debate on whether cultural change in an organization takes place in an orderly preplanned manner or just emerges depending on the prevailing environmental conditions. The planned vi ew of cultural change introduces the ideology that cultural change occurs in episodes that involve a shift from a fixed state to the next. However, this ideology has received a challenge from the perceived dynamism of change as defined by prevailing conditions. Other scholars view change as an incremental process that takes place under the orchestration of the executives in an organization. On the other hand, other scholars describe cultural change as a radical event (Currie and Brown, 2003:572). An additional paradox revolves around the focus of cultural change. Whereas some theorists view cultural change as a narrowed focus either on the context or process, there is the argument that cultural change occurs in a holistic approach that views all aspects comprehensively. In addition, there is a prevalent ideology that organizational culture change takes place on a macro scale. However, a counter opinion highlights that the organizational change occurs on a micro scale, which highligh ts a focus on individual perceptions. There is a surging debate on whether organizations should adopt an epistemological approach in reorganizing the management practices or whether they should shift focus to exploitation and exploration (Nasim, and Sushil, 2011:188). Beer and Nohria described the contradictions between the theoretical archetypes E and A that seek to explore the reasons behind organizational ch