Table Manners Cultural Differences

Table Manners Cultural Differences Thesis statement: All of us know that diet is very important in our daily life. It can can reflect a nations tradition and culture. However, each country in which geographical, environmental, and cultural and ethnic customs, which has a different concept of diet and dietary practices, and ultimately the formation of the differences in diet culture. Of cause, the table manners appear in our life everyday. They are witness of the history of dietary cultures for thousands of years, are the sign that a country or nation from ignorance and backward towards civilization and progress. Research achievement has a lot on the table manners, and in this passage, the author will stress on the analysis of their differences and the formation cause of the differences. Abstract: The different of the philosophical thoughts and the various kinds of social factors make some differences in Chinese and Western table manners. In China, a banquet, whatever the purpose, there will be a kind of form. Everyone sitting around the table and the delicacy is put in the center of the table. Not only it is a good taste, but also it is a communication medium for people. People toast each other and let food each other. It embodies the mutual respect and the virtue of humility. This way is easy to communicate with others. However, the western table manners are more cumbersome and canonical. Every people has his own service plate, no matter what dish has, they eat by themselves. Westerners drink also depend on their own thoughts, such as Whisky, Cocktails, Brandy, they can drink what they like. It embodies the respect of personal willingness. In this paper, we will talk about Chinese and western table manners and finding out the reasons. The purpose is to improve our intercultural communication ability by means of doing the research on the differences dietary culture between China and west in table manners. 1. Introduction In the 21st century, intercultural communication has become an indispensable content in peoples life. Cooking culture and table manners play a significant role of nonverbal culture in cross-cultural communication. Because of the Chinese people and Westerners have different life styles, the way of thinking, culture, so the table manners between china and western also show a big difference. Chinese table manners have a long history, At the time of the ancient times, table manners had a quite complete system. They took an important part in the past and still have a deep influence in the modern society. Western table manners originated in the 20 century. Italian culture came to France, table manners and menu turned to be more elegant and delicate, from that time, books of etiquette are published gradually. Today, table etiquette is still spreading in Western countries. The table manners in Western countries have influence on Chinese table manners because of the communication. In order to protect our table culture, we can make the two table manners get together, which is good for us to communicate with foreigners. So, it is necessary for us to know the differences of the two table manners and analyze the causes of the different the two table manners between Chinese and Western. 2. The importance of table manners in international cultural communication As Chinese reform and opening quicken markedly, international cultural communication also increases quickly. We must be willing to communicate and be tolerant of views that differ from our own. Our abilities are improved according to international communication. In the society, we do many things successfully on table. For example, when we meet important person, or we have important thing, we could ask the relevant people to have dinner, and discuss on the table. So we must know the table manners. Moreover, if we have a dinner with the Westerners, we should understand the Western table manners well. Because the Western table manners is different from Chinese. On the table, no matter what country the people come from, they could feel the respect from the table manners. Today, transnational cultural communication is so frequent that table manners become more and more important. Not only the whole dining process more harmonious but also status of customers more obvious and their communic ation more convenient by the table manners. For foreign language learners, it is quite useful to know the differences of Chinese and western dietary culture. We can not only increase the understanding of the table manners culture, but also improve the success of intercultural communication, which can help to avoid misunderstandings and communication disorder because of inappropriate behavior. 3. The differences table manners between China and Western countries 3.1 The differences in arrival of time When talking about the time, the Chinese and Westerners have different views. In China, we dont pay much attention on the time. We dont have specific demands about arrival time. To arrive earlier, on time or a little late are all allowed. In fact, we often get to the place where we have a dinner at a litter late time. Because most of us think the host should wait for guest and it is a way to respect for others. The Westerners think both of the time and money are very important, so they always make time and money bonded together. There is a saying goes said that Time is money , and the saying goes has become deeply in the Westerners mind. Therefore, they cherish as far as possible, they plan and manage their time carefully. The Westerners are often filled with a sense of urgency of time. All of them have a interest that they go to some parties in free time. If the westerners have to go to somewhere to have a dinner with others, they must arrive there on time. Frequently, when they want to have a dinner at ones home, they usually get earlier for five minutes. In their opinion, it is not very polite for you to get much earlier, maybe the hostess is so busy doing preparation for the dinner that is not suitable for you to reach at that time. 3.2 The differences in seating arrangement Both in China and in the west, people are particular in seating arrangement of formal banquette. In the Chinese banquets, we prefer to the round table . If there is just a round table in the family dinner, it has no table order. If we join a formal dinner, our seating should comply with the rule. Traditionally, Chinese use square table and the seats, which is look towards to the door is the most important, while seats on both sides are partial seats. So, the elderly and the guests of honor or high status should sit at the seat facing the main door. Then guest of honor sit on the right of the host and deputy chief gust on the left. While, as for the dinning of less than five people, its table setting can follow those four rules: right is honor and the left is low; the middle seat is senior; the seat of facing the door is the top; flexibility arrangement. In Western countries, people usually use long table. Host and hostess sit at both ends, and the guests of honor sit besides them. Then ordinary guests sit along with them. That is to say, the one who is more nearer to the host, the more important he is. In the informal party, it follows that women is first. Seat arrangement should treat the hostess as benchmark, and the most important guests should sit at the upper right of the hostess and the wife of him sitting at the upper right of the host. If a man and a woman have a diner, the man should let the woman sit on his right and dont let she sit near to the passageway; anyway the man need to let the woman sit inside. When two people have a dinner, the senior sit inside.When two men with a woman, men should let woman sit in the middle place. Besides, men should remove the chairs and let women sit first. In a word, women are very important in the seating arrangement. 3.3 The differences in tableware As everyone know people use chopsticks in China, and chopsticks are the most significant tableware for Chinese. Usually, they are traditionally held in the right hand, even by left-handed people. Although chopsticks may now be deployed by either hand, left-handed chopstick use is considered improper. Besides, there are also some rules to abide by when using it. For example, before dinner, chopsticks must be put on the right of rice bowl tidily. While after the meal, it should be placed in the middle of rice bowl, and when talking with other people, we should put down our chopsticks. It is a polite action to others. When take food for others, we ought to use the public chopsticks. In Western countries, people use knives and forks. When eating western-style food, a knife should be held in the right hand and a fork should be held in left hand. Whats more, the different ways knives and forks place have different meanings. For example, you have to leave for a while when you have a meal, you can put the knife and fork separately as a triangle. The service person will not receive your plate. If you have already finished the meal, you should make the knife and fork parallelled. Bread is taken in the fingers and laid on the side of plate or the edge of the large plate. It is never taken with a fork. Butter is taken from the butter dish with the butter knife and placed on the side of plate, not on ones bread. Well, Chinese use chopsticks and westerners use knives and forks. However, they also represent the difference between both collectivism and individualism. Westerners use knives and forks to cut food and separate it to represent individualism. The Chinese use chops ticks to grasp the entire food to mean unity and collectivism. 3.4 The differences in order of serving Chinese order of serving: the first are cold dishes, beverage and wine; then the hot dishes; next staple food; at last the sweets and fruit. Sometimes, there are many tables, each table should be on every dish at the same time. The order of serving still keep the traditional, first hot and later cold. Besides, hot dishes should be served from the left side opposite the seat of the guest of honot. The dishes like whole chicken, whole duck, and whole fish cant put their heads and tails toward the host seat. In the banquet, each dish like slide show, each time a dish is served. Nevertheless, there are some tips: in the wedding banquet or other red banquet, the plates on the table can be overlapped, and meaning that a good thing comes again and again. While, in the White Banquet like funeral, the plates cannot be overlapped, I think you can guess the reason. Western serving steps are usually like that: bread and butter, cold dishes, soup, seafood, main course, dessert, coffee and fruit. When you eating the cold dishes, the soup and bread should be eaten at the same time. In Western, the cold dishes are known as appetizer dish, served as the first course to eat with an aperitif. And soup includes stains soup and cream soup. The main course has chicken, beef, fish and pork and so on. The dissert always has ice-cream, pudding etc. 3.5 The differences in having dinner on table In China, food should be taken by the guest firstly. If you want to eat some food, you could not take too much. The men could give service to women. When you take food, you could not glance left and right and you could not choose one by one in the public dishes. If you eat with many people, you could have comity with everyone. The food which you want to eat and you cant take, you should ask other people to help you to take. Please avoid leaving seat to take by yourself. Chinese table manners atmosphere is lively, people like chatting over eating. Your utterance should be elegant, scholarly and euphemistic. But talking and laughing loudly is not polite. While eating, the older is first, when a dish served, the young can t eat until the elder eat. Chinese table s atmosphere is lively, people like chatting over eating. But talking and laughing loudly is not polite. hen a person has a cough, he or she should turn his or her back. Before you have a drink, you should drink a toast to the e lder and the guest. In West, men should move the seat for women. People always talk with their neighbors when eating, they dont talk loudly. Usually, people have a talk after the main food that the time of they eat dessert. Using the knife and folk cant make a sound. They do not use their own utensils for others to take their food; do not cut food on a plate after a good use of all right hand fork to eat; do not put the bones and food that dont eat on the floor or on the tablecloth, while put them on the on the plate of iceberg. Besides, the polite way is eating out the food on your plate. 3.6 The differences in leaving the table In China, only can the master sign the end of banquet. After the master and guest leave seat, the other guests can leave. Then, the master should be to see guests off at the gate, and the guests should express their thanks to the master. If the guests want to goodbye to host in the midway of the banquet, they just say good-bye to the master or give a nod as a signal to others. At the end of the banquet in Western countries, people should pick up the napkin from the leg, fold optionally, put the napkin on left of the table, and then get up for leaving. After having a meal, the host and hostess should leave before the other guests leave. When leaving, people should help elders or ladies to move the seats, and thank to the master when they say goodbye. If you want to be more cautious, you can thank by phone or card again. The causes of different table manners between the West and China 4.1 The different cultural connotations Culture will affect peoples view on things. Different country has its different culture, so it is obviously that the thinking model between China and western are different. The Chinese culture pays more attention on ones intuition, and the Western culture leans to logic and analyze. As to the traditional of the culture, Chinese people especially believe their own intuition. They insist the experience and feeling during the thing, this phenomenon also happens in the communication between west and east. In China, thousands of cultural tradition is reflected in Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism. The Confucian thought mainly emphasized benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, faith; Taoists advocated natural and clean; Buddhist is advocated merciful, purdue beings, harmony without. From this we see that what is tasty to a host may not necessarily be tasty to his guest. Because people have different opinions about various ingredients and cooking methods. It is rather easy to misjudg e what someone considers to be the best dish. Forcing a guest to eat food he doesnt like is quite awkward. However, Western countries assert democracy, freedom, equality, and advocated personal power, put emphasis up on personal value, paysattention to individualism. We have to learn from the American literature that the theme of American Dream is an important indication in the American literature history. It means that Americans wish to succeed through their self-dependence and self-reliance. They believe that they are created by God and that they are endowed with special traits which will help them to become the kind of people they wish to be. So this culture connotation can also be reflected in the table cultures. They respect freedom. So there are not so many rules as in Chinese table setting. They behave freely. 4.2 The different way of thinking Compared with western thinking model, the eastern idea is blanket and unclearly. The Chinese thought is more comprehensive and integrated. Traditional perceptual intuition thinking including the doctrine of the thought in Chinese style. The essence of the idea emphasize harmonization or even cancel with extreme solution to the problem. The Chinese psychological bias for comprehensive, logical analysis. The simple integral concept and unified way of thinking reflects our national macro understanding and the ability to transform the world. The west emphasizes analysis and partial logic thinking, and emphasizes its own characteristics. For scientific thinking of the standard, this kind of thinking mode in the real world in present multidimensional nature. At the same time, in western countries, and always put the value of the individual in important position, the principle of the supremacy of outstanding individualism. 4.3 The different behaviors regulation Behaviors regulation means the single standard, which the society can accept. That means that something can tell people what is the right way to solve this matter and what is unsuitable to do. When different background culture people do communication with each other, they usually judge the rationality by own code of conduct. So it is inevitable for them to misunderstand others. And whats more, it will destroy the friendship between people. For example: In China, it is kind to pat childrens head, but it is a very terrible thing in the western country. They think it is unexpected thing to a child. If you do like this, his parents will get very angry for it. And the other different thing: In China, men always smoke after they finish the meals, they think it is a kind of enjoyment. Nevertheless, in western countries, they consider this behavior is not polite to women and children and it is also a rude thing to smoke on a table. So, it is very important for us to recognize and use the dif ferent regulation behavior when we do business or have communication between foreign countries. In order to ensure the communication will be smoothly, you should understand each others conduct. Especially remember the forbidden things and impolite things. The best way is when in Rome, do as the Romans. 4.4 The different values Value is the core of culture and the most appropriate criteria what is used to evaluate the behaviors, things and make choices from all possible targets by social members. Values are the reflection of peoples social existence, people in the same natural environment and social environment will have the same values. Therefore, every society and country is using their own recognized values. In the dinner table etiquette, peoples behavior is a microcosm of the national values and the corresponding behavior under the guidance of different values. In a state of ceremonies like China, emphasizes loyalty and filial piety, reflects the values of collectivism. Chinese people respect the aged and take good care of children, therefore, seating arrangements are very regular, seats not only have upper and lower grades, but also the specific seat sorting. For western countries, the individualism values occupy the dominant position and individual power of each person is reflected. This is because in the philosophy of Westerners, it tends to focus on individualism, personality development and self-expression. They think that if a person is not up to his purpose, which is not because of the destiny but their own laziness and their lack of fighting spirit. Western people put into practice individual dining system, each of them eat their own tableware and choose their own favorite food. So, in western, there will not appear the situation like eating the food reluctantly served by the hosts in China. Conclusion Different countries and different people have different manners. We should have a good knowledge about other customs so that they will not think us are ill-mannered. When exploring the differences in communication manners and customs, we set them mainly into three parts: manner and culture, communication manner and table manner. Considering the roots of these differences, Historical and regional causes might took the significant places. Therefore, a cross culture environment and a cross culture mind do lead to the better understanding in todays communication. In modern society, along with the development of the open policy, it seems that the world is getting smaller and smaller so that people are very active with frequent exchanges. With the constant deepening of integration of the world, we should pay more attention to etiquette among people. In particular, the importance of the table manners is more prominent. Consequently, we should admit these differences in cross-cultural commun ication, and understand and respect it as well. The key of successful intercultural communication is to have a correct attitude to deal with cultural differences. It is to understand and respect other countries culture that is the necessary condition to avoid cultural conflict, realize equal association and cooperate successfully. So as the graduate students, we must based on the requirement of the labor market. We will enter the society later, and before this we must get the full preparation of being a good worker. Only do we learn the different culture and practice it, we could find a good job quickly and do right things during the communication. By doing this can we make our work easier to be handled. If we can understand the manners better, we can know others better.

Essay --

Cancer is a chief health-related stress that requires sufficient coping. The global problem of cancer continues to increase greatly due to aging and growth of the world population and an increase of cancer-causing behaviours, such as smoking, especially in developing countries (Jemal, Bray, Center, Ferlay, Ward & Forman, 2011). More than 40% of people will be diagnosed with cancer in their lifetime with two-thirds of them living for a minimum of five years. Cancer treatment which includes surgery, chemotherapy or radiotherapy, is often strenuous and can last for months or years. Cancer patients and survivors normally experience decreased quality of life, decreased capacity to perform daily activities, and mental health problems, such as depression and anxiety (Meijer, Roseman, Milette, Coyne, Stefanek, Ziegelstein, and ... Thombs, 2011). Cancer is a disease whereby abnormal cells divide without control and attack other tissues. Families of cancer patients face some degree of depressi on, anxiety, and fear when cancer becomes a part of their lives. They feel helpless and eager to find ...

Effective Financial Policy and Procedures

Effective Financial Policies And Procedures Effective Financial Policies and Procedures Medical practices establish financial policies and procedures to control patient billing and the ability to collect money for services they provide. Successful billing practices start with thorough financial policies and procedures which explain patients’ payment responsibilities in terms that are easily understood. An effective medical office financial policy is one that both staff members and practice patients can easily follow and understand. Patients need to understand their obligations and staff members need to know what is expected of the patients. All possible situations should be addressed by a good financial policy. This includes financial arrangements and payment plans, payments for services not covered by the insurance company, and a variety of other circumstances. The basic elements of an effective policy should inform patients how particular situations will be handled. Collection of a patient’s copayment, deductibles and any past-due balances should be addressed; as should payment for services that are not covered by a patient’s insurance company. An effective policy should address how a practice handles prepayment for services they will provide and also any possibility for payment arrangements of unpaid balances on a patient’s account. If a practice offers charity care or discounts to patients with low incomes/financial need it should be stated in the financial policy. Finally, a practice’s financial policy should state their accepted forms of payment such as cash, checks, money orders, and credit or debit cards. Clear medical office procedures that are consistently followed by staff members help support the office’s financial policy. When administrative staff members collect appropriate copayments and other fees as stated in the financial policy, they are helping to support the policy. When staff members become lax in their collection duties and neglect to follow established office†¦

Human Cloning Essay Example

Human Cloning Essay Example Human Cloning Essay Human Cloning Essay Human Cloning BY DJS010679 The first animal cloning started around the early 1950s. During this time, the first thing to be cloned was a northern leopard frog by Robert Briggs and Thomas King. This experiment was to learn how the cells would activate and deactivate during the cell development. His tadpole that he cloned didnt survive into adult hood, but it helped future cloning be more successful. Now in my opinion isnt so bad. Cloning a frog to learn a simple cell development may actually help us more in the future. It could teaches how disorders or disease may be created and show us how to reverse hem before conditions get worse. Another animal was cloned around the late 1990s. The lamb named Dolly was the first vertebrate animal to be cloned. She was the most the most famous because instead of using an embryo, they used an adult cell to clone Dolly. This experiment was to help research into producing medicines in the milk of farm animals. While this was one of the most significant achievements, it started too raised up ethnical concerns. After Dolly was cloned by scientist, other animal such as mice, rabbis, horses, donkeys, pigs, goats and cattle started to be clone. This is was a good experiment in my opinion. Knowing that we can clone animals helps us be able produce more animals that we need for food purposes. Having more animals means we can never really have a food shortage. This would be a good way to help world hunger become less of a problem. Cloning animals dont seem bad to me at all. We could use cloned animals in the zoos instead of animals from the wild. Cloning animals can help with food shortages problem that we may have in the future. It helps increase populations in animals that may go extinct such as lions, tigers, cheetahs, and elephants. It may even be able to bring back extinct animals such as the mammoths. Cloning existing animals for good purposes like world hunger would be an excellent idea, but cloning animals to harm other living beings would be a terrible idea. Cloning would have its pros and cons. It would depend on the scientist and the scientists intentions with how he uses the clones. Since scientist are now able to make genetic mapping, it can be used to help us learn more about who we are and what has made us the way we are. Genetic also shows us what makes us sick and help scientist develop cures diseases and genetic iseases. Scientist believes that genetic may even be able to show us where we came from and our origins. Although genetic mapping may have its pros with helping us find our origins and help cure diseases by looking at our genetics, there are always the cons. If people can find out genetics and what we are allergic too and what makes us sick, they could use that against other people. With genetic mapping there are pros and cons, but the cons would seem too dangerous to even mess with. With genetic mapping, it can show us where we came from. It can show us if we are elated to certain animals and how much. Scientists have said we are primates of apes and monkeys. With genetic mapping it can show us how much we relate to the apes and monkeys and get closer to finding our origin of place and our very first ancestors. I mean who wouldnt want to know where we orgnated? Things we have invented like life support is greatly a benefit for humans. Life support helps humans live longer. It even Just gives them a second chance at life. Without life support, numans wouldnt nave a great IITe expectancy Ilke we nave today. It nelps give people ope that their loved ones will survive and be able to live longer. Life support is one of the best things humanity has ever created. The creation of defibrillator has about the same affect of life support. Defibrillators can also give a second chance to humans. It allows a person that died for a short duration of time, able to come back to life. Defibrillators allow pulses of electricity into your body so your body your. The electrical pulses allow your heart to get back into rhythm and contract properly so it can pump blood properly. Defibrillators are also one of the best things humanity has ver created. We were able to make prosthetic body parts to help replace body parts that we lost or never had. Its helped some people gain movement not possible to them before. For people without legs or arms, prosthetic legs or arms that mimic movements the same as a real human body part. Weve made metal parts for our internal body Just like metal plantings in our heads or metal heart pieces. All of these fake parts have helped people live happily and healthier. Knowing what scientist have helped create with their idea, I could say they are trying to be god like. Scientists are always trying to find a way to improve humanity and help us live longer. Just like when Chinese invented gunpowder that was supposed to be a substance for eternal life, but it became a substance for death till this day. Although scientist may have messed up on gunpowder, they always find a way to counter their mistakes. Just like how gunpowder was made, bulletproof vest were made. Scientists dont necessarily try to be god like, but try to achieve the impossible so they can make it possible. For instance, about 500 years ago, flying the skies was like a fantasy. People didnt think it was possible, but it became possible. Without going beyond and thinking outside the box, we will never know what we can achieve. So I would say I dont think scientist have gone too far. They Just made mistakes on the way, but humans make mistakes called human error. History of Cloning (1950s-1970s). ThinkQuest. Oracle Foundation, n. d. Web. 05 June 2013.. Cloning. HowStuffWorks. N. p. , n. d. Web. 05 June 2013.. Freudenrich, Craig. AnimalResearch. lnfoThe Global Resource for Scientific Evidence in Animal Research. Cloning Dolly the Sheep. N. p. , n. d. Web. 06 June 2013.. MNN Mother Nature Network. MNN Mother Nature Network. N. p. , n. d. Web. 06 June 2013.. Rhodes, Alexander. Connexions. Connexions. N. p. , n. d. Web. 06 June 2013.. Mealclne, w ON Ill M. D. , Executive Dean Tor Cllnlcal ATTalrs, unlverslty 0T Mlaml Miller School of. What Is A Defibrillator And How Does It Work? ABC News. ABC News Network, 20 Nov. 2008. Web. 06 June 2013. http://abcnews. go. com/Health/ HeartRhythmTreatment/story? id=5226012 Ross, Cody. China Gunpowder. China Gunpowder. N. p. , n. d. Web. 06 June 2013..

Using Transformational Leadership in the Era of No Child Lef essays

Using Transformational Leadership in the Era of No Child Lef essays Using Transformational Leadership in the Era of No Child Left Behind: Creating Teacher Leaders to Increase Reading Achievement There is a dearth of information to be found on the subject of how to raise achievement scores in low performing schools. Millions of dollars have been spent on various programs to address the needs of large at-risk populations: Reading First, Americas Choice, Success for All are just a few. Schools at the other end of the spectrum - those who are top performers receive recognition at the state as well as national levels. Those schools are the model schools that seem to have figured out the formula that no one wants to tinker with. But what about those schools in middle? Those schools who are neither low performing, nor in the top strata of the educational pile. They are good, but not quite good enough. They have come a long way, but still have lots of room for improvement. How does one keep that upward spiral going? What type of leadership does it take to maintain that forward momentum? And of course, the bigger question, in todays milieu of No Child Left Behind (NCLB) and accountability, is how to keep those student scores going up so that we eventually meet that goal of 100% proficiency on high-stakes testing? This paper will attempt to answer these questions: what type of leadership is needed at the school level to continue raising achievement scores, specifically in the area of reading on the Criterion Referenced Test in the state of Georgia for the subgroup of Economically Disadvantaged students? My elementary school met the standards for Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) in each of the two previous years testing cycles: 2003 and 2004. We are not a Needs Improvement school based on NCLB guidelines. We do, however, have room for improvement. We still have about 20 students at each grade level who scored in Level 1 in Readin...

Discuss the view presented by Nasim and Sushil (2011) that managing Essay - 1

Discuss the view presented by Nasim and Sushil (2011) that managing change invariably involves managing paradoxes and in partic - Essay Example However, the most critical aspect of the adoption of such change is its management. The management of change in organizational culture poses multiple challenges for any organization. There are various scholars who have embarked on describing different concepts related to organizational culture. Sushil and Nasim highlighted that managing organizational culture involves the management of paradoxes, and more specifically the paradox of continuity and change. This paper will develop a critical argument from the idea posited by these two scholars. It has become evident that change is inevitable. Organizations face the urgency of adopting change, although the course of change presents new complexities. Apparently, only a third of all ventures aimed at fostering change are likely to succeed. The failure of two thirds of all projects seeking to foster change emphasizes the urgency of new strategies for managing change. However, different scholars have posited opinions on whether managing cha nge is a possibility (Collin, 2004:560). One school of thought opines that through management, it is possible to exert a form of control on organizational culture. A different group of scholars has highlighted that organizational culture change can only occur under certain conditions that act as preconditions for the change. The third school of thought is pessimistic concerning the potential of controlling cultural change through management. For these scholars, managing cultural change in an organization is an unlikely venture. Nasim and Sushil (2011:186) highlighted the numerous paradoxes that have been used by different scholars to describe organizational change. The term paradoxes in this context denote the contradictions surrounding organizational change. One of the described paradoxes is the arising debate on whether cultural change in an organization takes place in an orderly preplanned manner or just emerges depending on the prevailing environmental conditions. The planned vi ew of cultural change introduces the ideology that cultural change occurs in episodes that involve a shift from a fixed state to the next. However, this ideology has received a challenge from the perceived dynamism of change as defined by prevailing conditions. Other scholars view change as an incremental process that takes place under the orchestration of the executives in an organization. On the other hand, other scholars describe cultural change as a radical event (Currie and Brown, 2003:572). An additional paradox revolves around the focus of cultural change. Whereas some theorists view cultural change as a narrowed focus either on the context or process, there is the argument that cultural change occurs in a holistic approach that views all aspects comprehensively. In addition, there is a prevalent ideology that organizational culture change takes place on a macro scale. However, a counter opinion highlights that the organizational change occurs on a micro scale, which highligh ts a focus on individual perceptions. There is a surging debate on whether organizations should adopt an epistemological approach in reorganizing the management practices or whether they should shift focus to exploitation and exploration (Nasim, and Sushil, 2011:188). Beer and Nohria described the contradictions between the theoretical archetypes E and A that seek to explore the reasons behind organizational ch

Business Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Business Plan - Essay Example The researcher of this essay analyzes and creates a business plan for the B-school, that will primarily focus upon the master of business administration programme as a start up venture, but it will later look to expand its operations globally. The course of this school aims at building the foundation of work by providing new skills and knowledge to enable the students to make the transition to a higher level of responsibility. The researcher states that every year there are increasing number of students from abroad that comes to London for pursuing management degree in several business schools of the United Kingdom. Therefore, there seems to be greater demand of the MBA schools in the United Kingdom today. The business plan that is presented in this essay take into account and demonstrates the PESTEL analysis of the United Kingdom and the Porter’s Five Forces Model in order to understand the relative opportunities that lie for the new venture. The researcher of this essay also undergoes deep internal analysis, that is aimed to understand the strengths and the weaknesses of the product. Key success factors were also determined in brief by the researcher. Financial plan of the business school were also made to reflect the number of years required to breakeven of the project. Initially, it is stated that for two consecutive years the B-School is projected to incur losses. However, the researcher analyzed that from third year onwards profit is expected from the business plan of the B-School. Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 Description of the Business Plan 4 Description of the Product and Its Features 4 Situation Analysis 5 Internal Analysis 8 Generic Strategies 8 Market Segmentation 9 Core Competencies 9 Value Chain Analysis 10 Financial Overview 13 Strategic Option 15 References 17 Bibliography 20 Description of the Business Plan The business plan is all about the B-school that will be headquartered in the United Kingdom. The B-school will serve the students with a Masters of Business Administration course initially. The new venture has been named as Global School of Business Management. The business school will be a privately run school aiming to operate globally. Description of the Product and Its Features The B-school will primarily focus upon the MBA programme as a start up venture. It will later look to expand its operations. The modern business world demands candidates who have excellent managerial capabilities and skills that would help in the overall organ isational growth. The course aims at building the foundation of work by providing new skills and knowledge to enable the students to make the transition to a higher level of responsibility. On top of that, the candidate is able to identify the business problem. It is only through this kind of programmes (MBA) that help the candidates to shape their skills and competencies to match with the organisational requirements. Situation Analysis The Global School of Business Management will be initially set up in the UK. It is through PESTEL analysis that the macro environmental factors that influence the business of a particular country can be best understood. Political Environment The country has three arms of the state namely the executive, the legislature and the judiciary (Roger Darlington, 2010). Safe and sound legal system has been established by the government, with the development of the department of education that would look after the educational affairs and children services. Eco nomic Environment The population of the country is increasing thus demanding increasing number of large homes (Meikle, 2010). In the UK, there is considerable amount of inclination among people towards gaining academic knowledge and also of gaining higher education. This scenario can be comprehended by the fact that the education undertaken by 54-64 years old people is comparatively high than other countries (Seniorwatch, n.d.). It is due to high economic growth that the disposable income of the people has increased and can afford higher education. The UK government has made a significant increased commitment to education and has planned to spend