Economic Term and Healthcare History Essay Example for Free

Economic Term and Healthcare History Essay During history, health care economics has changed considerably. The main reason that stimulus change in health care economic are technology and medical care, however a lot has to do with evolutionary changes that the U.S. endured from the beginning. It is very essential to comprehend health care cash flow system and economic history. Administrators use this data to help organize the future of the corporation. In this paper, I plan to use the terms to elaborate on the history and evolution of health care economics and the timeline of finance. Before the year of 1990, there was not a significant health care in America. American medical association was just starting, individual were using home remedy to treat illnesses, physician was making house call and trade service for good, clinic were just getting started, and there were no such thing as health insurance. However, among the age of 1901 and 1940 health care and treatment made some significant change. Clinic became more necessary Antibiotics were found, improvements were made in cleanliness, and individuals came up with ideas for employment benefit. Also, individuals came up with ideas for health insurance. In the year of 1960 social security has been carried out, Medicare Medicaid contracted into law, and Health Insurance Company were coming up all over (PBS, 1960). In the year of 1970, HMO came in effect, and the cost of health care started going out of control and increasing. Since we place great value on health, health care end up costing a lot. Health is so impor tant to us that it go beyond the staff we have. The number of years specialist applies in training the more money government uses on public health. Also, health insurance plans provide by establishment are result as the significance society put on health care. Most important, the fact that what physician provide is important to us, we are willing to spend a lot on their training. Health care cost continues to increase over the past 50 years. This causes a problem for the elderly and low income individual. For example, elderly and low income people relatives are not able to get health treatment. During  the last 10 years, government have pushed for a national health care system. On March 23, 2010 the Affordable Care Act become enact (HHS, 2010). This is to modernize the health care business, making sure individuals are able to get health insurance and service, reduce insurance scam, and reduce the cost of health care. In the year of 2014, this is thought to be complete. Economics, microeconomics (particular aspect economic related to firm), macroeconomics (general aspect economic related to firm), Supply, demand, Inelasticity, elasticity, and gross domestic product (total market value). When concerning with Economics, it is good to explore and test ways to organize and finance the system in order to improve patient care. At its most basic level, health care is a handful of financial transactions, in which patients are obtaining insurance, physicians and hospitals provide services, pharmacies provide medications, and insurance companies pay for those goods and services. So to understand health economics, you must follow the money. When tracing the flow of funds through the health care system, its important to be aware that the money trail is constantly shifting, changing direction and size. Most important, the goal is to improve the delivery of health services, fund innovative and cost-effective medical procedures, cut the costs of health insurance, improve the nations health through prevention and better nutrition, and eliminate graft and corruption in the health care industry while raising it to a level thats steady with the rest of the world. When concerning with supply and demand, competitive markets use prices to allocate goods and services to customers who want them the most (in monetary terms) and to pay suppliers for producing those goods and services (Thomas E. Getzen, 2007). Most real markets and virtually all medical markets depart to some degree from the model of perfect competition. Nevertheless, its a useful starting point for evaluating the economic forces that shape human transactions, even when time, pain, risk, and tradition cause substantial deviations from the simple model. The demand curve has been discussed at length. But what about supply? Again, its vital to note that the economic concept of supply is always a supply curve. A supply curve is a graph (or schedule) that shows the total amount of a good that sellers wish to sell at each price. This curve emphasizes change, allowing us to focus on a range of replies indicating how firms will vary the amount supplied as the price increases or decreases. Just the demand  curve the marginal benefit curve showing how people the market willing pay for more unit good perfect competition the supply curve marginal cost curve showing how much paid induce the market provide more unit. Firms facing inelastic demand see that the total revenue goes down when they sell more units. Firms facing elastic demand find that profits increase when prices are reduced to sell more units. Firms facing unit elasticity see that total revenues remain unmoved. Most medical care is relatively inelastic. Pain, critical needs, fear of risk, and insurance tend to decrease the role of price in patient decision making. Note what happens to a firm that sells more of an inelastic good: Because increasing the quantity sold by 2 percent requires a substantial decline in value, perhaps 10 percent, the firm loses money. Most hospitals face very inelastic demand, especially for emergency services, yet they charge less than profit-maximizing prices. Why dont they charge more if doing so would increase profits? The reasons are many, ranging from the desire to help the poor to administrative controls over allowable changes. Also, the sensitivity to price change today is significantly less than the ultimate response to a price change in the long run. Some medical goods—especially those for which consumers have several choices and enough information in advance of purchase, such as allergy medications—are price elastic. For these goods, total revenues would decline if prices were increased. Thus, its more likely that a medical provider facing elastic demand is behaving more like a standard profit-maximizing firm. However, price controls, informal norms about overcharging, and other deviations from perfect competition may still be significant, even in the more price-sensitive medical markets. In conclusion, history health care economics has changed considerably. The primary reason that stimulus change in health care economic are technology and medical care, however a lot has to do with evolutionary changes that the U.S. endured from the beginning. It is very essential to comprehend health care cash flow system and economic history. Administrators use this data to help organize the future of the corporation. Because change healthcare improve the delivery health services fund and medical procedures cut the costs health insurance improve the nation health prevention and better nutrition and eliminate gr aft and corruption the health care industry while raising it is steady the rest the world Most significant, in this paper I elaborated on the history and  evolution of health care economics and the timeline of finance using the term. References HHS. (2010, March). Key Features of the Affordable Care Act. Retrieved from U.S Department of Health Human Services: http://www.hhs.gov/healthcare/facts/timeline/index.html PBS. (1960). Healthcare crisis History. Retrieved from http://www.pbs.org/healthcarecrisis/history.htm Thomas E. Getzen, J. M. (2007). The Flow of Funds Through the Health Care System. Retrieved from Wiley Pathways Health Care Economics: https://newclassroom3.phoenix.edu/Classroom/#/contextid/OSIRIS:42330586/context/co/view/activityDetails/activity/699329c0-2f30-4b04-b7f8-5fbcc80d8738/expanded/False

?Words are more treacherous and powerful than we think? Essay -- essay

Title: â€Å"Words are more treacherous and powerful than we think† Evaluate the extent to which the characteristics Sartre claims for words affect - negatively or positively - different Areas of Knowledge. The limits of knowledge that the topic implies are the limits of language and how well it approaches truth. There are a number of definitions of language. Everybody has there own term of what language stands for. For example, Chomsky says that language is a system of sounds put together to form phrases, which are then translated into a person’s mind. Adler says that language is a system of sounds that are created to form a way of communication, which can be translated in the human mind. What I found is that language shows the proof of words through thoughts. feelings, and a system of arbitrary signals, such as voice sounds, gestures, or written symbols. Images are also a way of understanding language, which connects to what Adler and Chomsky had said. Because the world’s vocabulary is so limited to the meaning of a word, images are replaced in their meaning. By showing the thoughts of what Chomsky and Adler said, I will show how many others have a different idea about l anguage. Words have been given a belief to have a true meaning to them, but in reality not so many words have a true meaning. In order to find their true meaning we have to look at how they are used and then come up with the true meaning. â€Å"Therefore it was necessary that he should be able to use these sounds as signs of internal conceptions; and to make them stand as marks for the ideas within his own mind, whereby they might be made known to others, and to others, and the thoughts of men’s minds be conveyed from one to another.† What sometimes ends up happening is that the word can mean so many things in many situations, which gets confusing. Rather they have many different meanings, which can only be found through text that can be found through knowledge. Sometimes the meaning of words is so vague it is difficult to understand their meaning at all. Unless we are aware of the exact context in which it is being used, we would probably not agree on the subtle diffe rences. Language is what we humans use as a symbol of communication. ds or language in general were designed by man in to fit articulate sounds, which we call words. Language is considered to be a communication of thoughts and feeling... ...s method an efficient one. By showing the thoughts of what Chomsky and Adler said, I will show how many others have a different idea about language. Words have been given a belief to have a true meaning to them, but in reality not so many words have a true meaning. In order to find their true meaning we have to look at how they are used and then come up with the true meaning. But what sometimes ends up happening is that the word can mean a so many things in many situations, which gets confusing. Rather they have many different meanings, which can only be found through text has to found through knowledge. Sometimes the meaning of words is so vague it is difficult to understand their meaning at all. Unless we are aware of the exact context in which it is being used, we would probably not agree on the subtle differences. Knowledge plays into affect by adding a whole new view to looking at a word. With knowledge, the interpretation of words can be figured out faster and more efficient. The way of interpreting the human language makes this method an efficient one. John Locke, Concerning Human Understanding , The Great Books Of The Western World; The University of Chicago Press, 1952

2nd millennium Essay

1. Why do we need to study literature? * Literature is filled with ideas that need to be explored. * Literature helps us to see our world in new ways. It brings us to a deeper understanding of life. * It is important to study literature since when we begin the study of literature,we find it has always two aspects,one of the simple enjoyment and appreciation and the other of analysis and exact description. See more: Foot Binding In China essay Usually what happen when we go through literature in our classroom either by ourselves or teacher use to teach one thing matters very much and that is the importance of literature for students. The first significant thing is the artistic quality of all literature. All art is the expression of life in forms of truth and beauty or in another word which exist in this world and which remain unnoticed until bought to our attention by some sensitive human soul same like the delicate curves of the shell reflects sounds and harmonies too faint to be otherwise noticed. In the same pleasing,surprising way,all artistic work must be a kind of revelation as architecture is probably the oldest creative work of arts and yet we still have many builders but few architects,that is,men whose work in wood or stone suggests some hidden truth and beauty to the human senses. It is a prevalent opinion that literature is like all arts is mere play of imagination,pleasing enough like a new novel without any serious or practical importance. Nothing could be farther from the truth, Literature preserves the ideals of a people and these ideal are love, faith, duty, friendship, freedom and reverence which are the part of human life most worthy of preservation. * To know the beauty of creation, to know about human evolution, to know the various cultures & civilizations, to be compassionate, to understand human values and concerns about other earthlings, to enjoy the fine art of writing, to learn how to express in simple words, to converse politely, to respect the ignorant and the learned, and so on. * Without literature there would be no reference to the past. 2. Define literature * (from Latin litterae (plural); letter) is the art of written work. The word literature literally means â€Å"things made from letters. † Literature is commonly classified as having two major forms—fiction & non-fiction—and two major techniques—poetry and prose. * Literature may consist of texts based on factual information (journalistic or non-fiction), a category that may also include polemical works, biography, and reflective essays, or it may consist of texts based on imagination (such as fiction, poetry, or drama). Literature written in poetry emphasizes the aesthetic and rhythmic qualities of language—such as sound, symbolism, and metre—to evoke meanings in addition to, or in place of, ordinary meanings, while literature written in prose applies ordinary grammatical structure and the natural flow of speech. Literature can also be classified according to historical periods, genres, and political influences. * Important historical periods in English literature include Old English, Middle English, the Renaissance, the Elizabethan era of the 16th century (which includes the Shakespearean era), the 17th Century Restoration period, the 18th century Age of Enlightenment, the Romanticism of the early 19th century, the later 19th Century Victorian, and 20th Century Modernism and Post-modernism. Important intellectual movements that have influenced the study of literature include feminism, post-colonialism, psychoanalysis, post-structuralism, post-modernism, romanticism, and Marxism. 3. What are the different general types of literature? *

Chinas Economic Analysis Free Essay Example, 2500 words

This paper illustrates that in the modern era, it has become a policy response of the governments to try to maintain a stable and attractive currency with regard to foreign trades. Several nations, China included have adopted measures that have been aimed at preserving the trade surplus and maintaining a positive balance of payments. These nations have thus tended to provide protection for their domestic products foreign competition. This protection includes a set of policies normally aimed at protecting a nation s industry products from foreign competition. These policies have included among imposing of quotas, tariffs, and embargos. A tariff is a tax usually imposed on goods imported from a foreign country; this tax helps in raising the prices of such goods hence making them less attractive in the local markets. A quota, on the other hand, represents a limit placed usually on the amount of a specific good that is allowed into the local market; this helps in protecting the indige nous products from being phased out from the markets by the foreign products. An embargo is a policy statement completely prohibiting the importation of a particular good into a country. We will write a custom essay sample on China's Economic Analysis or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page In the recent developments, however, The Chinese State Council has been able to approve fewer trade restrictions and adjust particular administrative measures regarding foreign investments in some industries like that of Shipping, Civil Aviation, Automobiles and infrastructural development in the Shanghai Pilot Free Trade Zone.

Juvenile Justice - 2455 Words

Juvenile Justice To many Americans today, the country is a hostage-but not from oversea terrorism as one might expect to think. No today, we live in fear from our own children; and these are the same young people who we are entrusting the future of this great country with. According to the Department of Justice report released in November, thirty-eight percent of those arrested for weapons offenses in 1995 were under the age of eighteen (Curriden 66). In the same report, the Bureau of Justice Statistics stated that in 1995 3 out of every 100 eighteen-year-olds was arrested for weapons offenses. A rate three times higher than for males twenty-five to twenty-nine and five times higher than for males thirty to thirty-four (66). Just†¦show more content†¦In short, they want it to work(49). The most basic justification for capitol punishment is what is known as the incapacitation argument: The only way to make sure that murderers dont murder again is to kill them. But with tougher sentencing laws, some death penalty opponents say, the incapacitation argument doesnt carry the weight it once did. Many states now impose life imprisonment with no possibility of parole on the violent offenders. Still, some argue that a life sentence isnt enough. David Pierce of the Washington Legal Foundation says, The death penalty incapacitates in a way no other form of imprisonment can; also, Inmates do commit crimes behind bars against guards and each other, and they do escape from time to time (Edmonds 11). As it stands now, almost all juvenile murderers are imprisoned rather than put to death. Even doubling or tripling the number of juvenile executions (the all-time U.S. high was 199 in 1935) would not change the fact that in America the death penalty is chiefly a symbolic threat that is carried out in only a very small percentage of cases (Hetter 44). (The 56 people executed in 1995 represented about 2 percent of the entire death row population.) Efforts to greatly increaseShow MoreRelatedJuveniles And The Juvenile Justice System1559 Words   |  7 PagesJuveniles committing crimes is not a new issued being introduced to society; actually, it has been an issue for centuries. However, the big question is, should juveniles be tried in adult courts? Before answering, take into consideration every possible scenario that could have led them to commit the crime. For instance, were they the leader in the act? Did they participate in the crime? Was the juvenile even aware of what was taking place? Were they peer pressured? Did they have any other choiceRead MoreJuvenile Justice And Juvenile Delinquency1675 Words   |  7 PagesJuvenile Justice has been a work in progress from the beginning of the program because of the evolving mentality of the generations. The purpose of Juvenile Justice was to correct the behavior of the juvenile de linquents and rehabilitation through a probationary period monitored by an individual who paid for bail and periodically reported behavior changes to courts. (Mulligan 2009) We do justice to the youth offenders by understanding the history of Juvenile Justice restorative programs, the alternativesRead MoreThe Juvenile Justice System For Juveniles1397 Words   |  6 Pageswere treated the same as adult criminals. If you are a young person under the age of 18 and you commit a crime, you will have your case heard in the juvenile justice system. The thing is that, it hasn’t always gone that way. The idea of a separate justice system for juveniles is just over one hundred years old (American Bar). Where did juvenile justice come from? The law was in the image of the common law of England. William Blackstone, Blackstone’s Commentaries on the Laws of England, first publishedRead MoreJuvenile Justice And The Juvenile System4789 Words   |  20 PagesJuvenile Justice Consult ant When thinking of reforming the juvenile justice system one has to think; what can we do to make this better for everyone involve? There are some programs that can be implemented when trying to make a change in the juvenile system. The main thing is getting parents or the guardian more involved in the child’s whereabouts. Secondly the community where the youth will have a place to go and have something more constructive to do to keep them out of trouble. Law enforcementRead MoreThe Juvenile Justice System1313 Words   |  6 Pages Today s concept of the juvenile justice system is relatively new due to significant modifications in policy overtime. The justice system has been trying to figure out effective ways to treat juvenile criminal offenders successfully for years. The justice system did not always have a special category for juveniles and their crime. Juveniles was once treated as adults when they committed crimes and were subjected to harsh punishments. The juvenile court was the culmination of efforts of the positivistRead MoreJuvenile Justice Systems833 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Juvenile crime is a term around the world that is difficult to pinpoint and although there are several definitions many fail to be concrete. There are many factors that play into sentencing juveniles or minors upon a crime committed. How old are they? Can they mentally form criminal intent? Are they old enough to no longer be treated as children? Some people would argue that a criminal is just that, regardless of age. Research on the other hand shows that juveniles have underdevelopedRead MoreThe Juvenile Justice System788 Words   |  3 Pages The juvenile justice system was founded with the goal to serve the best interests of the child, with an understanding that youth possessed different needs than adults. Over the course of our semester we have come across various research studies that proves that the adult system is not well equipped to house and rehabilitate the delinquents. These studies have shown that more juveniles that are transferred to the criminal justice system ends up back in the system, which means the recidivism rateRead MoreEssay on Juvenile Justice1506 Words   |  7 PagesPortfolio on Juvenile Status Offenders A juvenile status offender is a youth charged with an offense that is not consider a crime if committed by an adult; this would include but not limited to running away from home, curfew violations, underage drinking, skipping school, or beyond a parents control. Status offenders are usually not incarcerated on their first offense, but violating a court order can find them as delinquent who can result in being place in a correction or detention facility. Read MoreJuvenile Delinquency And The Juvenile Justice System1299 Words   |  6 Pagesdedicated his life to troubled juveniles once said, â€Å"I believe that the kids who are labeled â€Å"good† are children who know how to solve their problems and manage their behavior and social life, and the kids who are labeled â€Å"bad† are kids who don’t know how to solve those problems.† Every day, kids are committing illegal acts of varying severity. Some are involved in petty robberies, others involved in murde rs and rape. These juveniles become the responsibility of the juvenile justice system which is taskedRead MoreJuvenile Justice and Rehabilitation2500 Words   |  10 PagesJuvenile Justice and Rehabilitation When discussing rehabilitation or punishment for juvenile delinquents, I believe there should be rehabilitation over punishment. Granted there are numerous cases that completely warrant punishment, but punishment isn’t always the answer. Adults are usually given second, third and fourth chances to change their lives. And sometimes rehabilitation isn’t involved. I believe since adolescents still have plenty of time to get counseling or learn about themselves

Gender Roles During The Twentieth Century - 978 Words

Gender roles became so complex in the twentieth century due how society has changed what men and women should be like. Men take being strong and independent as a God given right to them, while females on the other hand have had to work their way up in order to be titled independently strong. From growing up to early adulthood I faced the conflict of constantly worrying about how society wants me shape myself as a dependent and self-confident which was the complete opposite of me. After, my parents separated my mother enforced to depend only on yourself and never a man. So I became a very dependent person, focusing on myself and my needs without the help of others, I believe the road of my childhood to independency of my young adult life favored me in many ways because I wouldn’t be where I am today. As in the article, The Myth Of The Slippery Bachelor, Fisher states, Women are much more interested in their independence than men are(Luscumbe). Which I agree with, men have been handed ,ost things there entire life while women work hard to achieve what they get handed to them. I myself have worked very hard to be titled an independent women hustling to the max of my ability to accomplish what needs to be done such as school work, athletics, and work all three task titled as difficult to handle but many like myself have to deal with on day to day basis. Many say you need a man to be happy, makes me laugh everytime I hear that ridiculous remark as if a wome n can t stand onShow MoreRelatedWomen s Gender And Gender Roles955 Words   |  4 PagesIn terms of the heterosexual majority, respectability applied deeply to women and their gender roles as wives, because it was the way to distinguish between good and oversexed women (Kushner 9/25/15). The characteristics of women consisted of being pious, pure and religious, as they were the moral superiors to men (Kushner, 9/25/15). This moral superiority linked to the idea that Cott presents of female passionlessness, which was the result of subsequent lack of sexual aggressiveness (Cott 1987:Read MoreMarriage Is An Institution That Is Important1455 Words   |  6 Pagessex and gender, for these concepts have been notoriously linked and effect one another’s evolution. The Eighteenth Century marked a period of changing attitudes of marriage and therefore sex and gender. For centuries before this period, the Catholic Church dominated the domain of marriage, controlling the sex lives and gender roles that existed within this institution. The accepted idea was that marriage was only intended for reproduction purposes and to insure the continuation of the gender rolesRead MoreThe Role Of Gender As A Symbol Of Femininity1240 Words   |  5 PagesThe role of gender was evidently defined before the twentieth century. However, the twentieth century brought a lot of changes to women and their condition, inside and outside the house. Women started getting appreciated in the previously male dominating society. However, this didn’t last for long and by the mid-century men continued their dominating role back in the society. Tennessee Williams wrote this play in the fifties when this change was happening in society. In this play, male dominanceRead Mor eWomens Rights1161 Words   |  5 PagesHuman Rights† by Charlotte Bunch discusses the many issues involved in women’s rights, specifically about how gender is a leading factor in the lack of rights women have. The second article, â€Å"From the Second Sex to the Joint Venture: An Overview of Womens Rights and Family Law in the United States During the Twentieth Century† written by Herma Hill Kay, talks about family chemistry, the role of women in the household and the progression of women’s reform movements. These articles show just a fewRead MoreKate Chopin s The Story Of An Hour927 Words   |  4 Pages Kate Chopin, born in 1850, was one of the prominent feminist writers of the twentieth century. Her works focus predominantly on life, love, marriage, social issues and women. Her husband’s unexpected death was a tragic event in her life. However it led her to a great realization. Based on her own experience, Kate Chopin wrote a short story à ¢â‚¬Å"The Story of an Hour† on April 19, 1894. Kate Chopin told the story of Mrs. Mallard reacting to the news of husband’s death. The story addressed women issuesRead MoreGender And Its Role Is Affected By Direct And Indirect External Factors1279 Words   |  6 Pagesconstructed idea of gender and its role is affected by direct and indirect external factors. Since the beginning of time in European Society, women have constantly been viewed and treated as inferiors to men. Specifically, women have wanted to stray away from the socially constructed idea of being perceived as domesticated beings. As the Victorian era came to the end, women yearned for that change. When the twentieth century approached, women actively desired to alter the gender role that had been setRead MoreHow Chinese Culture Has Changed Over The Years1509 Words   |  7 Pagescan be traced back many centuries. It is so diverse and unique, yet harmoniously blended, and presents itself a priceless bene fit to the world. One of the integral parts of Chinese culture that was not thoroughly discussed in class is the role Chinese women played in ancient traditional society and how it has transformed in the many historical changes is the way of life in china. I aim to speak on women in ancient times, women at the end of feudal society as well as the role of women in present dayRead MoreThe Victorian And Post World War I1590 Words   |  7 PagesVictorian era and developed a template for prospective gender constructs. The Victorian woman, expected to preserve purity and domesticity, was portrayed with a repressed sexuality. Passive characterization supported the duty of child bearing as the female destiny and molded their identities into subordinate ones. At the turn of the 20th century in Great Britain, women began to partake in conventionally male pursuits and diverged from traditional gender roles, completely redefining their identities post-WorldRead MoreThe Straight State : Homosexuality And Citizen ship During Twentieth Century America Essay1416 Words   |  6 Pagesto light during the twentieth century and is still prevalent today. There are arguments by certain individuals that claim that discrimination of those who identify as non-heterosexual have disappeared. I would argue that such discrimination is still alive and present in our modern society. Very noticeable today with the values of our Vice-President Elect Mike Pence who thinks that homosexuality can be â€Å"fixed† through electric shock therapy. Values like this are similar to that held during the twentiethRead MoreUnequal Rights For Women And Gender Inequality1732 Words   |  7 Pagesfor women and gender inequality have been a plague across European society since the dawn of time. It was not until the late eighteenth century that women’s rights activists, such as Mary Wollstonecraft, began to take action against this inequality. Through the perseverance of these activists, major reforms for equali ty began to arise during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, both being time periods that marked a profound era for women and the progression of women’s rights. During this time women’s

Environmental Issues Report for Protection Advocate Free Samples

Question: Describe about the Environmental Issues Report for Environment Protection Advocates. Answer: Introduction Issues to do with environmental degradation have raised an alarm internationally calling a response from major environment protection advocates ranging from state governments, humanitarian movements, and international conventions such as the World Bank, UNEP, and WHO among others. Practically, environmental degradation is a national disaster bringing into attention the corporate and global world into formulating strategies to respond to environmental calamities. Environmental issues affect the political, economic, and social arenas of life. Categorically, in the corporate world, environment affects business operations due to the need of establishing a sustainable development for economic growth. Industrial, agricultural, and human activities contribute to pollution of the environment. The aftermath of the mentioned disciplines is global warming, greenhouse gas emissions, pollution dashboard, and carbon footprint which cause adverse climate changes over time. The purpose of this report is generating innovative analytic solutions and predictive models applicable to the relevant authorities in solving the environmental issues. The paper will major on greenhouse gas emissions as a pollutant to the environment. Ideally, the research shall be broken into major units ranging from sources of greenhouse gasses emission, impacts of greenhouse gasses emission to the environment, and trends of discharge. Further, the paper shall focus on global models and innovative ideas of mitigating environmental degradation, highlight any possible challenges speculated with the proposed strategies, and offer options in the form of recommendations to solve problems relating to the outlined models to ensure organizations become successful. The Watson analytic is used to bring into picture the global emission of CO2 taking into account China, United States, Japan, European Union, India, and Russian federation as key emitters of carbon due to increased industrial process. Further, data on trends in greenhouse gasses emission is graphical represented to depict the future outcomes of greenhouse emissions. Models such as numerical model and solutions such as technology assessment needs, and the use of integrated software for business intelligence and planning are structurally constructed basing on the data generated from Watson analytics. Sources and types of greenhouse gasses emission Carbon (IV) oxide. Carbon (IV) oxide gets into the atmosphere by burning solid waste, wood products, and fossil fuels such as oil, natural gas, and coal. Some chemical reactions such as cement manufacturing also circulate carbon into the atmosphere. Nitrous oxide. Emission of methane into the atmosphere is through combustion of fossil fuels, and solid wastes. Nitrous can equally be emitted as a result of industrial and agricultural activities such as fertilizer application on crops. Methane. Methane is circulated in the atmosphere from livestock and agricultural activities. Additionally, the gas may be emitted during transportation and production of natural gas, oil, and coal. Further, decaying organic waste materials is a source of methane (Tan,2014). Fluorinated gases. Industrial processes release hydrofluorocarbons, sulfur hexafluoride, and other gasses into the atmosphere. These gasses are stronger in depleting the ozone layer causing a global warming effect. Pie chart diagram showing percentage emissions of green house gasses (Tiwari, Ojha, Yadav, 2014) IBM Watson analytics Global carbon emissions Research by Edgar foundation on the global emission of carbon (IV) oxide indicates that the rate of carbon emission is rising globally. Emissions from combustion of fossil fuel and industrial processes are at the lead with a percentage representation of 35.7 billion. 2014 Statistics indicate that there was a slighter improvement in CO2 production with only 0.5% of CO2 increment from 2013. This is, however, interesting since the economy grew by 3%. Energy consumption equally decreased compared to the previous year. Such a sigh of progress is linked to the changes in climate since mild winter considerably helped in limiting fossil fuel demands for space heating in Europe. The top four carbon emitters, China emitted 29.6%, the United States 15.0%, Europe 9.6%, and India 6.5% in the year 2014. India indicated an increase of 7.8% whereas China and United States showed only a slighter increase of 0.9% each in 2014 compared to 2014. Europe showed a reduction of 5.4%. Source: https://edgar.jrc.ec.europe.eu/news_docs/jrc-2015-trends-in-global-co2-emissions-2015-report-98194 Trends of greenhouse gasses emission (Hutchison, 2013) Primary sources of greenhouse emissions are electricity production, agricultural activities, transport industry, commercial and residential, and forestry. From the data, it is clear that about 20 percent of greenhouse gas emissions have been witnessed since 2000. Changes in the trend of emissions may have resulted due to shifts in the economic position of states, variations in the price of fuel amongst other factors. Cold winter seasons increases fuel demand for industrial and commercial sectors due to increased transport needs. The trend in the emission of greenhouse gasses emissions is worrying since atmospheric gasses keep on growing on a yearly basis risking the human population and other living things against the effects of ultraviolet rays and global warming. Impacts of greenhouse gasses emission to the environment Greenhouse gas emissions cause some environmental issues ranging from global warming, oceanic acidification, and ozone depletion, changes in plant growth and nutritional levels, and smog pollution. Global warming. With the inception of the industrial revolution, greenhouse gas levels keep increasing in the atmosphere due to massive industrial and transport program to enhance economic growth (Simon, 2010). The gasses released in the air trap and store heat in the atmosphere increasing surface temperatures by 0.75 degrees Celsius for the past 100 years. Global warming harms the environment through hazardous conditions such as desertification, stronger storms, increased melting of snow and ice, and sea level rise (Bohringer World Bank, 2014). Ocean acidification. Carbon (IV) Oxide is one of the major greenhouse gasses emitted into the atmosphere. The gas sinks in oceans forming carbonic acid in oceans affecting the aquatic lives. Practically, further increase of carbon (IV) oxide in the air also increases the acidic levels of oceans (Barnard, Hain, Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, 2014). Plant growth and nutritional changes. Plants use carbon (IV) oxide for growth and development. Therefore, increase in levels of carbon (IV0 oxide in the atmospheric air, causes a vital importance in the growth of plants. Such plants are subject to higher protein content for example potato tubers. Nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus equally surface to the advantage of the plants for growth and survival (In Bahadur, In Rajam, In Sahijram, In Krishnamurthy, 2015).s Smog pollution. More concentration of greenhouse gasses increases ozone concentration too. Emissions such as methane and nitrogen oxides on the ground cause ozone pollutant, a major component of smog that affects human health as well as plant growth (Demidov Bonnet, 2009). Continuous exposure to ozone reduces life expectancy level causing premature death. MitigatIng the exposure to ozone has been enhanced via restricted production of soya beans, maize and wheat are necessitated.Ozone layer depletion. Nitrogen oxide destroys the ozone layer. Depletion of ozone layer comes with significant problems such as exposure to ultraviolet rays that damage the skin through burns. Further exposure to such a risk may cause illness related to skin infection or cancer. Global models and innovative ideas of mitigating environmental degradation Watson Analytics argues the importance of using simple data to analyze situations, improve on present systems and predict future outcomes. The four models applied in attempts to solve environmental issues are human-mediated processes model, numerical model, environmental governance model, and the social model of environmental impact. Human-mediated model. The model assumes human decision-making as a major approach to mitigate environmental hazards through adapting to selective activities during their daily living. The global tool used to pass ideas in this model is communication to inform the public of the impact of environment degradation and outlining mitigation process. Societal learning is enhanced under this model to highlight human responses to environmental change (Hutchison, 2013). The use of Agent practical type method of presenting the mitigation procedures will help to enhance understanding the role of human beings in the protection of the environment. Equally, creating urgency in need of eliminating existing hazards such as waste burning, fossil fuels consumption, and others(Caldwell et al., 2009). Numerical model. The statistical approach relies on the use of real data to access the impact of environment risks to the socio-economic and political wellbeing of the human population. Strategically, real-time data will help in projecting scenarios of change, planning cause of action and budget accordingly. For example, data on the percentage of carbon (IV) oxide released into the atmosphere will help in establishing technical ways of improving personal lifestyle by reducing consumption of fossil fuels. The approach will equally lead to the development of integrative assessment procedures for further interventions on environmental protection designs (Rosati, Coastal Engineering Research Program (U.S.), Coastal Engineering Research Center (U.S.), United States, 1993). Environmental governance model. Environmental management model assumes the role of government in controlling environment through formulating policies that manage industrial processes and human activities for environment protection. For example, carbon emission control act that demands companies to regulate the amount of carbon released into the atmosphere. Enhance this requires businesses to install carbon regulation plants at their sites to safeguard the environment. The model advocates for sustainable development, however, it raises the needs of managing human activities in the political, social, and economic spheres (In Martin In Kennedy, 2015). Governance should, therefore, be initiated by the government, businesses, and civil societies. Environmental management model views natural resources and environment as global public goods that carry significant value. In a nutshell, the model calls all stakeholders into ensuring that these global products are suitably utilized for a stable climatic condition. Maintainance of environmental, economic value practical uses management approach to restricting public and private sectors from damaging the environment. Social model of environmental impact .Studying environmental data within the environment helps in designing a framework that directs investigation of environmental impacts. These surveys shed light on issues attracting greenhouse gasses. Environmental impact assessment based on proponent components of social model is profoundly represented through culture, political economy, and the social structure (Konstantinou, 2013). Culture Culture is depicted as a driving force of environmental change. For instance, the use of public opinion helps to measure environmental values and attitudes in many states. Such findings give a clear picture of public concern to environmental issues and influence the choice of technology to use based on public support level. Additionally, social movements serve as grounds where public concerns are translated into policies for transforming environmental impacts. Equally, historical data on culture shape actions towards the environment. For example, religious heritage and technological systems serve as dominant factors of accessing environmental impact by determining beliefs and customs.Technology could be used to suggest the type of tools and machinery for agricultural practices reducing the emission of greenhouse gasses causing environmental degradation. Political economy Politics influence environmental decisions through measuring the level of democracy and government involvement in the economy. Governments via the constitution shape freedom and rights that may correspond to environmental issues (Mill, 2001).Suggestively, nations that allow much freedom in the economic investments may experience adverse environmental effects due to increased non-monitored industrial processes. Industries may equally boom due to ease of entry leading to more production and releasing of greenhouse gasses. Institutional policies may positively influence environmental quality. For example proper waste disposal and selective chemicals that are biodegradable and environmentally friendly. Statistics show that democratic government systems are more concerned with environmental quality as compared to authoritarian governments. Social structure The social structure influences the environment. States economic prosperity correspond the level of environmental concerns. For instance, poverty and inequality negatively affect environmental quality since the affected population becomes less concerned with environmental issues. Poverty, distribution of income, and land affect the technical levels of a nation as well as an individual. The standard of engagement towards environmental concerns is determined by the outlined elements too. Further, there is substantial evidence that gender differences impact environmental concerns. It is perceived that female spent a lot of time cleaning their environment; however, they use more products prone to environmental hazards as compared to men (Lin, 2001). Challenges of selected models The greatest challenges of environment analytic data are sheer volume, ability to handle foreign languages, and running real-time information in the system on a daily basis. Off the shelf analytic tools could be a temporary solution to the fixed problems, however; they are limited to a particular purpose and may often fail to address other concerns of greater interests. Validation of data may also be a challenge. Mixed media usage to address clients specified needs is equally a challenge (Byrski, 2012). Addressing environmental issues is similarly limited due to lack of involvement from financial institutions, trade conflicts between the state and businesses due to the negligence of environmental agreements, and the social structural gaps leading to institutional failure in global environmental governance (United States, 2010). Recommendations; Innovative environmental analytic solutions Technology assessment needs. Assessing technology needs allow countries and industries to determine the best technology and prioritize on those that mitigate greenhouse emissions. It is equally important to understand environmental needs before choosing the type of technology to use in production. These requirements will determine the best technology choice for running pollution free environment programs and production methods (Sleezer, Russ Gupta, 2014). The end mark of such initiatives is maximum participation and support by the public domain. To some extent, familiarizing with the environment needs will substantiate the training and methods to be embraced in attempts to solve environmental hazards. Training. Training hikes the levels of accountability as far as environment protection is concerned. Purposively, training prevents further environmental hazards and address existing environmental risks. Training in context enhances professional practice through practical, repetitive and scenario based basis. Such a move increases assurance to personnel dealing with hazardous conditions since they are well equipped with skills and knowledge of handling data and practical approaches to solving the environmental crisis. Seminars, conferences, and field activities boost workforce and education level of handling environment to reduce further pollutants. For instance, training on mitigation may range from using new technology, renewable energy consumption, changing consumer behavior or management practices. Use of integrated software for business intelligence and planning. Environmental degradation is linked to conflict due to the proliferation of environmental agreements with companies. Such issues require the management to use integrated software for business intelligence and planning purposes. Business intelligence involves the use of functional business information to detect significant events and monitor business trends to suit the changing environment. The approach will help the management to improve on decision making and tactics translating to a pollution free environment with least carbon emission and other greenhouse gasses (IBI 2011, Qu, Yang, 2012) Sample business intelligence integrated software ( Byrski, 2012) The software plays four principal functions which are; getting insights into consumer behavior, improving visibility, turns data into action based information, and improves efficiency. Getting insight into consumer behavior. With increased danger of greenhouse gas emissions leading to change in weather patterns, it is possible that most people may change their tastes and preferences. Such an action may work for or against the business. Business intelligence software will help the management to understand the market dynamics and develop products that match the current consumption trends. The approach shall ensure that the firm exists even during adversity and maintain its profit margin by attracting potential customers (Revella, 2015). Improving visibility. The risk of closure due to environmental issues is a major problem affecting most business. Business intelligence software shall allow businesses to control their production processes and make necessary improvements to fit into government policies. Regulations on production stipulated in the Company Production Act shall also be met amicably. Competitively, meeting the stated standards will leverage the company from closure due to poor environment related issues (Michalewicz, 2007). Turning data into action based information. Changes in the environment come with a significant shift in peoples livelihood affecting their economic, political, and social frameworks. Such changes cause a paradigm shift of economic status of many states to greater heights. Patterns in production line equally become affected calling most organizations into changing their mode of operation and management designs. Business intelligence software shall allow the business to be swift in developing change programs that suit their financial position taking into account market demands for a prosperous future. Additionally, businesses shall enjoy opportunities such as awards of tender from government and parastatal due to their ability to manage resources and environment (Rosch Scheule, 2013). Diagrammatic representation of how data system works (IBI 2011, Yang, 2012) Improving efficiency. Business intelligent software improves organizational efficiency through integrating all components and factors describing the business. For instance, information about changes in tastes and preferences due to climate change can be shared across relevant departments of the organization. As a matter of fact, such an initiative will save time on reporting processes and analytics. Additionally, duplication of roles within organization shall be evicted thus increasing accuracy in data generated from key departments. Further, this will improve productivity. Conclusion Precisely, it is important to note that environmental degradation is a global issue since effects of pollutants are spread from one state to another directly or indirectly. Greenhouse gasses are one of the primary sources of pollutants that affect the environment leading to climate change. Greenhouse gasses are categorized into four major types which are; Carbon (IV) oxide, nitrous oxide, methane, and fluorinated gasses. Primarily, sources of greenhouse gas are electricity production, agricultural activities, transport industry, commercial, and forestry. Statistics show that the future of the environment is at risk due to a constant increase in greenhouse gasses emission with carbon (IV) oxide as the leading pollutant in the atmosphere due to consistent industrial processes and human activities such as agriculture. Further, impacts of greenhouse emissions to the environment emanate into other environmental issues such as global warming, oceanic acidification, and ozone depletion, cha nges in plant growth and nutritional levels, and smog pollution. However, strategic measures can be designed to globally control and access the impact of environment degradation through selected models. These models range; human-mediated processes model, numerical model, environmental governance model, and the social model of environmental impact. Significantly, the models are limited to challenges ranging from a huge volume of data, different communication languages, limited use, validity issues, and mixed media use. Further, lack of involvement from financial institutions, trade conflicts between the state and businesses due to the negligence of environmental agreements, and the social structural gaps leading to institutional failure on global environmental governance hinder the effectiveness of the outlined models. However, these challenges can be mitigated through training, assessment of technology needs within organizations, and the use of integrated software for business intelligence and planning. References Barnard,N., Hain,S., Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity. (2014). Scientific synthesis of the impacts of ocean acidification on marine biodiversity. 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